The pan-genome effector-triggered immunity landscape of a host-pathogen interaction

Laflamme, Bradley; Dillon, Marcus M.; Martel, Alexandre; Almeida, Renan N. D.; Desveaux, Darrell; Guttman, David S.

doi:10.1126/science.aax4079

Cited by 173 publications

(252 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…These could be mediated, at least partially, by specific T3Es that promote virulence and/or suppress plant basal defences. T3Es are known determinants of host specificity of plant‐pathogenic bacteria (Alfano, 2009; Laflamme et al ., 2020). It is well known that Group I and II strains differ in their T3E arsenal (Eckshtain‐Levi et al ., 2014; Jiménez‐Guerrero et al ., 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Acidovorax citrulli strains isolated from solanaceous plants

et al. 2020

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Acidovorax citrulli is the causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch disease of cucurbits. Strains of this pathogen are distributed into two major groups: Group I strains have been mainly isolated from melon and other non‐watermelon cucurbits, while Group II strains have been mainly recovered from watermelon. Here we report the characterization of strains T1 and EP isolated from diseased tomato and eggplant plants, respectively, and further confirmed to belong to A. citrulli species. Based on PCR, PFGE, and rep‐PCR, these strains showed high similarity to the Group II strain 7a1. Sequencing and comparative analyses revealed that the genomes of T1 and EP aligned with that of the Group II model strain AAC00‐1, over 97.88% and 99.22%, respectively. The virulence of T1, EP, and 7a1 determined on tomato, eggplant, and watermelon was similar and significantly higher than that of Group I strain M6. In contrast, M6 was more virulent on melon. Expression levels of seven virulence genes measured 24 hr after inoculation of tomato, eggplant, watermelon, and melon showed that the expression pattern was generally similar in strains 7a1, T1, and EP, whereas for M6 the expression was high only on melon. Overall, our results indicate that the solanaceous strains belong to Group II. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that reports characterization of A. citrulli strains isolated from solanaceous species. The fact that A. citrulli is able to naturally colonize and cause disease in non‐cucurbit crops poses additional challenges for management of this important pathogen.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Acidovorax citrulli strains isolated from solanaceous plants

et al. 2020

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“…ETI is mediated by plant nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins, which either directly or indirectly detect the activities of specific T3SEs (Jones and Dangl, 2006;Khan et al, 2016). These ETI responses can be associated with a hypersensitive cell death response (HR), which is associated with greater reductions in pathogen growth (Laflamme et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent systematic investigation of the ETI landscape of the Pseudomonas syringae -Arabidopsis thaliana (hereafter Arabidopsis) model pathosystem revealed that ETI is a pervasive form of immunity, where nearly all P. syringae strains carry at least one T3SE capable of eliciting ETI (Laflamme et al, 2020). This near complete immunity against P. syringae can be conferred by a small number of NLR proteins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunodiversity of the Arabidopsis ZAR1 NLR Is Conveyed by Receptor-Like Cytoplasmic Kinase Sensors

et al. 2020

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The Arabidopsis nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat protein ZAR1 can recognize at least six distinct families of pathogenic effector proteins to mount an effector-triggered immune response. This remarkable immunodiversity appears to be conveyed by receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (RLCK) complexes, which associate with ZAR1 to sense several effector-induced kinase perturbations. Here we show that the recently identified ZAR1-mediated immune responses against the HopX1, HopO1, and HopBA1 effector families of Pseudomonas syringae rely on an expanded diversity of RLCK sensors. We show that individual sensors can recognize distinct effector families, thereby contributing to the expanded surveillance potential of ZAR1 and supporting its role as a guardian of the plant kinome.

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“…Although we cannot rule out an additional role for miR825-5p in regulating ETI, since miR825-5p targeted genes encode uncharacterized TNLs, it would have to be on the regulation of ETI mediated by a yet uncharacterized effector/R-gene pair in the Arabidopsis / P. syringae pathosystem or by effectors from a different bacterial or fungal pathogen. On this note, AT5G18360, a putative primary target for miR825-5p, has been recently identified as a TNL involved in triggering ETI against Pto DC3000 effector HopB [79]. As proposed in tomato [35], miR825-5p may have a quantitative contribution to plant defenses, perhaps controlling low-level recognition of pathogen effectors in the absence of proper ETI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MiRNA and phasiRNAs-mediated regulation of TIR-NBS-LRR defense genes inArabidopsis thaliana

López-Márquez

Del-Espino

López-Pagán

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Plants encode large numbers of intracellular immune receptors known as resistance (R) proteins or nucleotide-binding (NB) leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptors (NLRs), involved in perception of pathogen-derived effectors and activation of immunity.Here, we report a two-tiered regulatory network mediated by microRNA and secondary phased small RNAs (phasiRNA) that targets the silencing of dozens of NLR genes encoding yet uncharacterized members of the Toll/interleukin-1 (TIR)-NBS-LRR (TNLs) subfamily in Arabidopsis. We show that miR825-5p downregulates expression of Arabidopsis AT5G38850 gene (renamed as microRNA-silenced TNL 1 or MIST1) by targeting the sequence coding for a highly conserved functional amino acid motif (TIR2) within the TIR domain of the receptor. Further, we show that MIST1 functions as a regulatory hub, since miRNA825-5p triggers RDR6-mediated processing of MIST1 transcripts, to generate trans-acting phasiRNAs that in turn target, a wide network of TNL genes for gene silencing. Regulation through MIST1 affects disease resistance against the model bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, since altered levels of miRNA825-5p lead to changes in Arabidopsis ability to establish basal defenses against this pathogen. MiR825-5p is expressed in unchallenged adult leaves and its production is down regulated in response to PAMPs such as bacterial flagellin but also fungal chitin.

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The pan-genome effector-triggered immunity landscape of a host-pathogen interaction

Cited by 173 publications

References 68 publications

Characterization of Acidovorax citrulli strains isolated from solanaceous plants

Characterization of Acidovorax citrulli strains isolated from solanaceous plants

Immunodiversity of the Arabidopsis ZAR1 NLR Is Conveyed by Receptor-Like Cytoplasmic Kinase Sensors

MiRNA and phasiRNAs-mediated regulation of TIR-NBS-LRR defense genes inArabidopsis thaliana

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