The Pap smear screening as an occasion for smoking cessation and physical activity counselling: baseline characteristics of women involved in the SPRINT randomized controlled trial

Chellini, Elisabetta; Gorini, Giuseppe; Carreras, Giulia; Giordano, Livia; Anghinoni, Emanuela; Iossa, Anna; Bellati, Cristina; Grechi, Elisa; Coppo, Alessandro; Talassi, Fiorella; Giovacchini, Maria Rosa

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-906

Cited by 10 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…We included in the analysis (Table 1) the main reports of the nine trials (McBride et al, 1999; Baker and Wardle, 2002; Clark et al, 2004; Emmons et al, 2005a; Caswell et al, 2009; Robb et al, 2010; Chellini et al, 2011; Craigie et al, 2011; van der Aalst et al, 2012). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Based Cancer Screening Programmes as a Teachable Moment for Primary Prevention Interventions. A Review of the Literature

et al. 2012

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Background and aim: Unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and smoking are key risk factors for the major non-communicable diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. The screening procedure may represent an ideal setting for promoting healthy lifestyles as it represents a time when subjects are probably more inclined to consider a relationship between their own habits and their effects on health. The aim of this study is to review available evidence concerning interventions combining screening and primary prevention interventions, aimed at promoting the adoption of healthy lifestyles. Methods: We searched the MEDLINE and Cochrane library electronic databases for intervention studies of primary prevention interventions implemented in the context of established screening programmes, or of pilot screening projects, where the study design included a comparison group. Results: Comprehensive interventions are acceptable for asymptomatic subjects targeted for cancer screening, can result in improvements and may be cost–effective. A positive impact of these interventions in favoring the adoption of cancer protective dietary behaviors was observed in all studies. Conflicting results were instead reported with respect to physical activity, while no impact could be observed for interventions aimed to favor smoking cessation. Conclusions: The retrieved studies suggest that the screening setting may offer valuable opportunities to provide credible, potentially persuasive life style advice, reaching a wide audience. A multiple risk factor approach may maximize the benefit of behavioral change, as the same health related habits are associated not only with cancers targeted by screening interventions, but also with other cancers, coronary artery disease, and other chronic conditions, while unhealthy behaviors may be mutually reinforcing. In order to cover a maximum number of possibilities, health education programmes should include multiple strategies, integrating and combining models of individual, social, and environmental change.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Based Cancer Screening Programmes as a Teachable Moment for Primary Prevention Interventions. A Review of the Literature

et al. 2012

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“…Out of the total studies conducted in general health services, three were developed in cervical cancer prevention services, 10 , 11 , 23 two in specialized health services in women’s health, 18 , 21 and one in services that aim to decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases. 8 In cervical cancer prevention services, most women were young average-aged, were highly level educated, were married, and were employed; two of the three studies were performed in Italy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 8 In cervical cancer prevention services, most women were young average-aged, were highly level educated, were married, and were employed; two of the three studies were performed in Italy. 10 , 11 In the specialized health services in women’s health, women were young-aged and highly level educated; however, in the services aimed at decreasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases, most women were middle-aged, were highly level educated and were employed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, there is evidences that nicotine may interact differently in the body during menstrual cycle, causing reactions during the abstinence period. 2 - 4 , 10 On the other hand, the higher demand for health services by women, compared to men, 1 suggests more easiness to recognize problems related to health and to seek assistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Profile of women who carried out smoking cessation treatment: a systematic review

Pereira

Vargas

2015

Rev. Saúde Pública

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OBJECTIVE Analyze the profile of women, in health services, who carry out treatment for smoking cessation.METHODS Systematic review that used the following sources of information: Cummulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Scopus and Web of Science. We included quantitative studies that addressed the characterization of women, in health services, who carried out treatment for smoking cessation, resulting in 12 articles for analysis. The assessment of the methodological quality of the studies was performed using the instrument MAStARI from Joanna Briggs Institute.RESULTS The predominant profile of women who carried out treatment for smoking cessation in health services was composed of white, married, employed, and highly level educated women. Women who carried out the treatment for smoking cessation in specialized services had a more advanced age, were white, were married and had a diagnosis of depression. The quality level of most studies was moderate.CONCLUSIONS The profile of women who carry out treatment for smoking cessation, either in general or specialized health services, is composed of white, married, and highly level educated women. Publications about smoking women are scarce and the lack of Brazilian studies characterizing the profile of women who start treatment for smoking cessation shows the need for studies that explore this subject.

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“…The model was not adjusted for baseline characteristics because there were no significant differences among groups at baseline [15]. Analysis was by intention to treat.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pap smear screening as an occasion for smoking cessation and physical activity counselling: effectiveness of the SPRINT randomized controlled trial

et al. 2012

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BackgroundThe organized Cervical Cancer Screening Programme (CCSP) in Italy might represent an occasion to deliver smoking cessation (SC) counselling to women attending the Pap test examination. Evidence of effectiveness of physical activity (PA) promotion and intervention in adjunct to SC counselling is not strong.Objective of the SPRINT trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of a standard SC counselling intervention delivered by trained midwives in the CCSP, and whether the adjunct of a PA counselling to the SC counselling might increase quit rates.Methods/DesignWe undertook a randomized controlled trial of 1,100 women undergoing the Pap examination in the three study centres Florence, Turin, and Mantua: 363 were randomly assigned to the SC counselling arm, 366 to the SC + PA counselling arm, and 371 to the control group. The intervention was a standard brief SC counselling combined with a brief counselling on increasing PA, and was tailored according to the Di Clemente-Prochaska motivational stages of change for SC and/or PA. Primary outcomes were quit rates, improvement in the motivational stages of change for SC, and reduced daily cigarette consumption. Analysis was by intention to treat.ResultsParticipants randomized in both intervention arms and in the preparation stage of change for SC doubled their likelihood of quitting at 6-month follow-up in comparison to controls (odds ratio [OR]=2.1, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]:1.0-4.6). Moreover, participants in the intervention arms and in the contemplation stage were more likely to reduce their daily cigarette consumption after the intervention (OR=1.8, 95% CI:1.1-3.0). Our study did not show any effect of PA counselling on various outcomes.ConclusionsSmoking cessation counselling delivered by midwives to smokers in preparation and contemplation stages of change during the Pap-smear screening was effective and should be recommended, given the high number of women attending the cervical cancer screening programme in Italy. Moreover, the daily number of women invited for the Pap-smear examination should be slightly lowered, in order to let midwives deliver SC counselling to smokers.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN52660565

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The Pap smear screening as an occasion for smoking cessation and physical activity counselling: baseline characteristics of women involved in the SPRINT randomized controlled trial

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Population Based Cancer Screening Programmes as a Teachable Moment for Primary Prevention Interventions. A Review of the Literature

Population Based Cancer Screening Programmes as a Teachable Moment for Primary Prevention Interventions. A Review of the Literature

Profile of women who carried out smoking cessation treatment: a systematic review

The Pap smear screening as an occasion for smoking cessation and physical activity counselling: effectiveness of the SPRINT randomized controlled trial

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