Bamboos are one of the most economically important plant groups globally, but this world-wide trade creates risks of invasions. Here we identified 1662 species of bamboo, of which almost a seventh (232) have been introduced outside their native range, with Asiatic and larger species preferred. Only 12 species were found to have become invasive. However, invasiveness was found to be more a function of human-usage than specific species traits, suggesting the recent upsurge in bamboo cultivation could pose future invasion risks.