The Pathogenesis Related Class 10 proteins in Plant Defense against Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

Abstract

One of the most represented group of Pathogenesis Related (PR) genes are those of the PR-10 class. PR-10 proteins are members of multi genic family, and they often occur in clusters at specific loci following gene duplication and amplification events. To date, large number of PR-10 genes have been cloned and characterized in different species in response to abiotic and biotic stress. This review is focused on recent studies that have described the role, distribution and structure of PR-10 genes in plant genomes. Recent findings have provided insights into the functional roles of PR-10 proteins as ribonuclease, as cytokinin-specific binding proteins, a mammalian lipid transport and plant abscisic acid (ABA) receptor proteins, or as enzyme, (S)-norco claurine synthase. PR-10 proteins are differentially expressed in the presence of different signaling molecules, biotic stresses such as fungal, viral and bacterial pathogens and a number of abiotic stresses. The possibility to use this knowledge for genetic improvement of plant resistance to pathogens through classical breeding approach or transgenic technology is discussed.

Induced expression of the Fragaria × ananassa Rapid alkalinization factor‐33‐like gene decreases anthracnose ontogenic resistance of unripe strawberry fruit stages

“…These two WRKY genes are homologous to A. thaliana AtWRKY 46 and AtWRKY 33 and here they are named FaWRKY51 and FaWRKY42 , respectively, accordingly to the nomenclature proposed by Wei et al (). These genes all have a consolidated function in plant immune response to fungal pathogens (Amil‐Ruiz et al , ; De Lorenzo et al , ; Jain and Kumar, ; Pandey and Somssich, ; Sharma et al , ) and in our previous microarray analysis were found to be differently regulated by C. acutatum inoculation at 24 hpi in white and red fruits (Guidarelli et al , ). In particular, in the microarray analysis, Chitinase and FaWRKY42 were found to be up‐regulated in both white and red fruit upon C. acutatum infection, whereas Fra a E1 and FaWRKY51 were found to be up‐regulated only in white fruits.…”

In-silico analysis of cis-acting regulatory elements of pathogenesis-related proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa

“…PR10 proteins are coded by multigene families and shows higher inter specific variation. However, all of them possess conserved glycine rich loop in their sequence [ 29 ]. PR gene sequences from A .…”

“…During stress response, AtPR10 is induced by ABA, ethylene, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid. This gene may be induced by ROS and may act as a protinase against cellulases and pectate lyases of the pathogen [ 29 ]. Increase in ROS level especially H 2 O 2 has been shown to increase the PR10 in plants [ 41 ].…”

Structural Characterization of Oligochitosan Elicitor from Fusarium sambucinum and Its Elicitation of Defensive Responses in Zanthoxylum bungeanum

“…CHI has been intensively investigated and identified as a pathogenesis-related protein that functions in plant defense [58]. CHI is a hydrolytic enzyme that has direct antifungal activity by decomposing chitin in fungal cell walls [59]. Previous research has shown that chitosan can increase the expression of the genes for chitinase and peroxidase [60].…”