The Perforate Septal Pore Cap of Basidiomycetes

Müller, Wally H.; Humbel, Bruno M.; Aelst, A.C. van; Krift, T.P. van der; Boekhout, Teun

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-60035-7_8

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A localization of Spc33 in the ER agrees with previous studies that indicate that the SPC is part of this organel or is derived thereof (Girbardt, 1958; 1961; Moore and McAlear, 1962; Bracker and Butler, 1963; Marchant and Wessels, 1973; Müller et al. , 1998; 1999; 2000; van Driel et al.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This and the fact that ER markers (van Driel et al. , 2008) and zinc‐iodine osmium tetroxide (Müller et al. , 1998; 1999; 2000) stain the SPC region suggest that the SPC is derived from this organelle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The SPC of S. commune belongs to the latter type. Its perforations are approximately 100 nm in diameter and are regularly distributed over the structure (Müller et al. , 1994; 1998; 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The septal pore cap is an organelle that functions in vegetative growth and mushroom formation of the wood‐rot fungus Schizophyllum commune

Peer

Wang

Driel

et al. 2010

Environmental Microbiology

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Mushroom-forming basidiomycetes colonize large areas in nature. Their hyphae are compartmentalized by perforated septa, which are usually covered by a septal pore cap (SPC). Here, we describe, for the first time, the composition and function of SPCs using the model system Schizophyllum commune. The SPC of S. commune was shown to consist of a proteinaceous matrix covered by a lipid membrane. The matrix was demonstrated to define the ultrastructure of the SPC and to consist of two main proteins, Spc14 and Spc33. Gene spc14 encodes a protein of 86 amino acids, which lacks known domain, signal or localization sequences. Gene spc33 encodes a 239 and a 340 amino acid variant. Both forms contain a predicted signal anchor that targets them to the ER. Immuno-localization showed the presence of Spc33 in the SPC but not in ER. From this and previous reports it is concluded that the SPC is derived from this organelle. Inactivation of spc33 resulted in loss of SPCs and the inability to close septa. The latter may well explain why vegetative growth and mushroom formation were severely reduced in strains in which spc33 was inactivated.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The septal pore cap is an organelle that functions in vegetative growth and mushroom formation of the wood‐rot fungus Schizophyllum commune

Peer

Wang

Driel

et al. 2010

Environmental Microbiology

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“…Septal pores occur in the septate hyphae filaments of Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, and some taxa of the Zygomycota, but pores of different taxa vary in size (25–500 nm) and with respect to other ultrastructural features. In the Ascomycota, septal pores are simple plasma membrane-lined channels ( Figure 1 G), while most taxa of the Basidiomycota (e.g., Agaricomycotina) form characteristic dolipores ( Figure 1 H) [ 69 , 71 ]. These are surrounded by barrel-shaped swellings of the septum wall and are associated on either side with septal pore caps (parenthesomes) derived from the ER.…”

Section: Please Contact—various Types Of Non-plasmodesmatal Cell Conn...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicellularity and the Need for Communication—A Systematic Overview on (Algal) Plasmodesmata and Other Types of Symplasmic Cell Connections

Wegner,

Porth,

Ehlers

2023

Plants

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In the evolution of eukaryotes, the transition from unicellular to simple multicellular organisms has happened multiple times. For the development of complex multicellularity, characterized by sophisticated body plans and division of labor between specialized cells, symplasmic intercellular communication is supposed to be indispensable. We review the diversity of symplasmic connectivity among the eukaryotes and distinguish between distinct types of non-plasmodesmatal connections, plasmodesmata-like structures, and ‘canonical’ plasmodesmata on the basis of developmental, structural, and functional criteria. Focusing on the occurrence of plasmodesmata (-like) structures in extant taxa of fungi, brown algae (Phaeophyceae), green algae (Chlorophyta), and streptophyte algae, we present a detailed critical update on the available literature which is adapted to the present classification of these taxa and may serve as a tool for future work. From the data, we conclude that, actually, development of complex multicellularity correlates with symplasmic connectivity in many algal taxa, but there might be alternative routes. Furthermore, we deduce a four-step process towards the evolution of canonical plasmodesmata and demonstrate similarity of plasmodesmata in streptophyte algae and land plants with respect to the occurrence of an ER component. Finally, we discuss the urgent need for functional investigations and molecular work on cell connections in algal organisms.

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“…One such example of morphologically convergent traits is fungal septal pore caps (SPCs), which are involved in the mycelia's complex cell-to-cell communication (Jedd, 2011;Nguyen et al, 2017). It was suggested that SPCs were newly derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) because SPCs were stained by some ER-targeting markers (van Driel et al, 2008;Müller et al, 1999) and the base of SPCs are connected to the ER (Moore, 1975;Müller et al, 1998aMüller et al, , 2000. Thus, understanding the genetic background of SPC provides fundamental insight into the origin of multicellularization in fungi and the mechanism of organelle specialization of SPC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct link between convergent evolution at sequence level and phenotypic level of septal pore cap in Agaricomycotina

Iizuka

Nozawa

Ikeo

2023

Preprint

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Several apparently homologous morphological characters are known to have independently evolved in different lineages multiple times. However, the genetic backgrounds of such morphological convergences are not well understood. To detect any correlated genes potentially responsible for morphological convergence at the phenotypic level, we focused on the morphology of the septal pore cap (SPC), which is involved in mycelia’s complex multicellularity in fungi. SPCs are classified into three morphological types: perforate, imperforate, and vesiculate. To understand what evolutionary events occurred at the sequence level during morphological convergence of perforate SPCs in Agaricomycotina, we examined sequence differences between species with different SPC types by comparative genomic analysis. If sequences from species with perforate SPCs formed a cluster, the associated gene might be involved in generating perforate SPCs in multiple lineages. Based on this assumption, we detected eight candidate genes, including an SPC-related gene,spc33. The results showed that some amino acid substitutions independently occurred in both lineages in which species with perforate SPCs emerged. From these results, we speculate that the amino acid substitutions inspc33were critical in the emergence of perforate SPCs in multiple lineages. We also found thatspc33evolved just before imperforate SPC emergence based on homology search ofspc33and the species phylogeny. These findings illustrate the first step to clarifying the genetic basis of SPC morphological evolution. Our study contributes to both clarifying the genetic basis of morphological convergence and pioneering our understanding of fungal evolutionary morphology.

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The Perforate Septal Pore Cap of Basidiomycetes

Cited by 5 publications

References 28 publications

The septal pore cap is an organelle that functions in vegetative growth and mushroom formation of the wood‐rot fungus Schizophyllum commune

The septal pore cap is an organelle that functions in vegetative growth and mushroom formation of the wood‐rot fungus Schizophyllum commune

Multicellularity and the Need for Communication—A Systematic Overview on (Algal) Plasmodesmata and Other Types of Symplasmic Cell Connections

Direct link between convergent evolution at sequence level and phenotypic level of septal pore cap in Agaricomycotina

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