The Perspective on Bio-Nano Interface Technology for Covid-19

Abstract

The field of bio-nano interfaces paves the way for a better understanding, development, and implementation of the advanced biotechnological process. Interfacing biomolecules with the nanomaterials will result in the development of new tools and techniques that, in turn, will enable to explore the fundamental process at the nano level and fabricate cost-effective portable devices. Fascinating biomolecules like DNA, RNA and proteins in the regime of nanoscale are intelligent materials that are capable of storing the information and controlling the basic structure and function of the complex biological systems. Following this concept, the current pandemic situation would be a natural selection process, where the selective pressure is on the ssRNA of Covid-19 to choose the suitable progeny for survival. Consequently, the interaction of human DNA invoking response with Covid-19 happens at the nanoscale and it could be a better candidate to provoke combat against the virus. The extent of this interaction would give us the insights at the nanotechnological level to tackle the prevention, diagnosis and treatment for Covid-19. Herein, the possible features and obstacles in Covid-19 and a probable solution from the advent of nanotechnology are discussed to address the current necessity. Moreover, the perspective sustainable green graph mask that can be prepared using green plant extract/graphene (Bio-Nano composite mask) is suggested for the possible protection of virus-like Covid-19. The composite material will not only effectively trap the virus but also inactivate the virus due to the presence of antiviral compounds in the plant extracts.

Lessons from the Last 24 months of the Pandemic

“…If this interaction occurs, we'll gain nanotechnological insights needed to prevent, diagnose, and treat COVID-19. This article discusses the potential benefits and drawbacks of COVID-19, as well as a potential answer provided by nanotechnology, to meet current and article requirements (Kamaraj, 2020).…”

Nanozymes to fight the COVID-19 and future pandemics

“…Gold nanozymes have been employed in rapid detection of SARS-CoV-19 (Pramanik et al 2021). Indeed, samples taken in positive patients contain nucleocapsid phosphoprotein oligonucleotides that combine with thiol-functionalized gold nanozymes, which allow detection in 10 min by calorimetry (Kamaraj 2020). Compared to the traditional calorimetric methods using natural enzymes such as horseradish peroxidases and alkaline phosphatase, nanozymes display better sensitivity by involving chromogenic and fluorogenic substrates such as 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine, 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, 3-(4-dihydroxy phenyl) propionic acid, and 2,3-diaminophenazine.…”