The Pestiviruses

Moennig, V.; Plagemann, Peter G.W.

doi:10.1016/s0065-3527(08)60035-4

Cited by 185 publications

(120 citation statements)

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“…Such calves are immunotolerant to the infecting BVDV strain and remain persistently viraemic for the rest of their lives. Persistently infected animals are predisposed to infections with other pathogens, and run a high risk of developing fatal mucosal disease (MD) (for reviews, see Moennig & Plagemann, 1992 ;Nettleton & Entrican, 1995 ; Author for correspondence : Matthias Schweizer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress in cells infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus: a crucial step in the induction of apoptosis.

Schweizer

Peterhans

1999

Journal of General Virology

102

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Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) belongs to the genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae. Both a noncytopathic (ncp) and an antigenically related cytopathic (cp) BVDV can be isolated from persistently infected animals suffering from mucosal disease. In every case studied so far, the genomic changes leading to the cp biotype correlate with the production of the NS3 nonstructural protein, which, in the ncp biotype, is present in its uncleaved form, NS23. This report shows that, in contrast to ncp BVDV, the cp biotype induces apoptosis in cultured embryonic bovine turbinate cells. Early in the process of apoptosis, cells show a rise in the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species, which is indicative of oxidative stress. This precedes two hallmarks of apoptosis, caspase activation as shown by cleavage of the caspase substrate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, and DNA fragmentation. Cells were protected from apoptosis only by certain antioxidants (butylated hydroxyanisole and ebselen), whereas others (N-acetylcysteine, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, lipoic acid, dihydrolipoic acid and tiron) turned out to be ineffective. Antioxidants that protected cells from apoptosis prevented oxidative stress but failed to block virus growth. These observations suggest that oxidative stress, which occurs early in the interaction between cp BVDV and its host cell, may be a crucial event in the sequence leading to apoptotic cell death. Hence, apoptosis is not required for the multiplication of the cp biotype of BVDV.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress in cells infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus: a crucial step in the induction of apoptosis.

Schweizer

Peterhans

1999

Journal of General Virology

102

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“…The nomenclature is therefore under re-consideration. All pestiviruses are important veterinary pathogens causing economic losses in cattle, pigs and sheep [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A RT-PCR assay for the rapid recognition of border disease virus

Vilček

Paton²

2000

Vet. Res.

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-A reverse transcription -polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was developed for the specific detection of border disease virus (BDV), using the primers PBD1 and PBD2 flanking a 225 bp DNA fragment, selected from the 5´noncoding region of the pestivirus genome. In tests on 70 pestiviruses it was shown to be BDV-specific. A closed, one-tube nested RT-PCR method employing general pestivirus outer primers (324 and 326), and the same BDV-specific inner primers (PBD1 and PBD2) in conjunction with a BDV-specific fluorogenic TaqMan probe also detected only BDV and was more sensitive. BDV-specific RT-PCR was used in combination with a PCR specific for bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 2 (BVDV2) to ascertain whether virus stocks contained mixtures of BDV and BVDV2. It was shown that the ovine pestivirus strains 175375 and 59386 were originally BDV, but after subculture had become contaminated with BVDV2. This explains a previously reported discrepancy in the genetic typing of 59386. Although the BDV-specific RT-PCR can also detect BDV in clinical samples, the assay is likely to be most useful for the rapid typing of laboratory pestivirus strains. border disease virus / BDV / RT-PCR / typing / pestivirus contaminationRésumé -Identification rapide du border disease virus par RT-PCR. Une méthode d'amplification en chaîne par polymérase après transcription inverse (RT-PCR) a été développée pour la détection spé-cifique du border disease virus (BDV), utilisant les amorces PBD1 et PBD2 flanquant un fragment d'ADN de 225 pb, choisi dans la région 5' non codante du génome des pestivirus. Des tests sur 70 souches de pestivirus ont démontré la spécificité de la méthode. Une méthode de RT-PCR nichée dans un seul tube fermé a également permis de détecter spécifiquement le BDV, tout en améliorant la sensibilité. Cette dernière méthode utilise des amorces externes générales pour les pestivirus (324 et 326), les amorces internes PBD1 et PBD2 ainsi qu'une sonde fluorogénique TaqMan reconnaissant spécifiquement le BDV. Les stocks de virus ont été testés à la fois par RT-PCR spécifique du BDV et RT-PCR spécifique du virus de la diarrhée bovine type 2 (BVDV2), afin de déterminer s'ils contenaient un mélange des deux virus. Il a ainsi été montré que les souches de pestivirus ovins 175375 Vet. Res. 31 (2000)

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“…There is circumstantial evidence that a BVDV infection in cattle induces lifelong protection against congenital infection (30,31 ). To our knowledge have any experiments in cattle.…”

Section: X 19 -Ll )mentioning

confidence: 99%