The Phenolic Compounds Profile and Cosmeceutical Significance of Two Kazakh Species of Onions: Alliumgalanthum and A. turkestanicum

Abstract

Numerous species of Allium genus have been used in the traditional medicine based on their vast biological effects, e.g., antimicrobial, digestion stimulant, anti-sclerotic, soothing, antiradical or wound healing properties. In this work, unpolar and polar extracts from two lesser-investigated species of Allium growing in Kazakhstan, Allium galanthum Kar. & Kir. (AG) and A. turkestanicum Regel. (AT), were studied for their composition and biological effects. In the HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS analyses of water and alcoholic extracts simple organic acids, flavonoids and their glycosides were found to be the best represented group of secondary metabolites. On the other hand, in the GC-MS analysis diethyl ether, extracts were found to be rich sources of straight-chain hydrocarbons and their alcohols, fatty acids and sterols. The antimicrobial activity assessment showed a lower activity of polar extracts, however, the diethyl ether extract from AT bulbs and AG chives showed the strongest activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, B. cereus ATCC 10876, some species of Staphylococcus (S. aureus ATCC 25923 and S. epidermidis ATCC 12228) and all tested Candida species (Candida albicans ATCC 2091, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Candida glabrata ATCC 90030, Candida krusei ATCC 14243 and Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019) with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.125–0.5 mg/mL. The highest antiradical capacity exhibited diethyl ether extracts from AG bulbs (IC50 = 19274.78 ± 92.11 mg Trolox eq/g of dried extract) in DPPH assay. In ABTS scavenging assay, the highest value of mg Trolox equivalents, 50.85 ± 2.90 was calculated for diethyl ether extract from AT bulbs. The same extract showed the highest inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase (82.65 ± 1.28% of enzyme activity), whereas AG bulb ether extract was the most efficient murine tyrosinase inhibitor (54% of the enzyme activity). The performed tests confirm possible cosmeceutical applications of these plants.

The Benefits of Olive Oil for Skin Health: Study on the Effect of Hydroxytyrosol, Tyrosol, and Oleocanthal on Human Fibroblasts

“…Phenolic compounds derived from a variety of vegetable species, including those commonly used in traditional medicine and present in foods such as fruits and vegetables, have been reported to have a positive impact on tissue regeneration [70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78]. Thus, Addis et al found that treatment with polyphenols extracted from medicinal plants (Calendula Arvensis, Lavandula stoechas, and Helichrysum italicum) at a concentration of 1 μL/mL increased fibroblast cell proliferation after 24 h of treatment and stimulated cell migration after 48 h, when complete closure was observed [79].…”

Influence of the Alcohols on the ZnO Synthesis and Its Properties: The Photocatalytic and Antimicrobial Activities

“…The high absorbance, between 200-400 nm, makes it a natural choice for sunscreen and protection treatments, alongside TiO 2 [11][12][13]. As a semiconductor, due to its transparent coccus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Enterococcus faecalis, which are responsible for many implants' failure [75,76], skin infections [77], or foodborne illnesses [78], and a fungal strain Candida albicans, responsible for oral and vaginal candidiasis [79][80][81].…”

Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activity of the Ethanolic Extract from the Aerial Part of Crocus alatavicus Regel & Semen Growing Wildly in Southern Kazakhstan

“…It is worth noting that the spontaneous flora of Kazakhstan, consisting of many endemic and rare species [ 20 , 21 ], can be regarded as a rich source of several, not fully explored medicinal plants with novel potential applications [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Therefore, attempts have been made to introduce them for cultivation [ 30 ].…”