The phylogeny and a new classification of the gingers (Zingiberaceae): evidence from molecular data

Abstract

The pantropical Zingiberaceae is the largest family in the order Zingiberales with 53 genera and over 1200 species. Classifications of the family first proposed in 1889 and refined by others since that time recognize four tribes (Globbeae, Hedychieae, Alpinieae, and Zingibereae) based on morphological features, such as number of locules and placentation in the ovary, development of staminodia, modifications of the fertile anther, and rhizome-shoot-leaf orientation. New phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequences of the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and plastid matK regions suggest that at least some of these morphological traits are homoplasious and three of the tribes are paraphyletic. The African genus Siphonochilus and Bornean genus Tamijia are basal clades. The former Alpinieae and Hedychieae for the most part are monophyletic taxa with the Globbeae and Zingibereae included within the latter. The results of these phylogenetic investigations are used to propose a new classification of the Zingiberaceae that recognizes four subfamilies and four tribes: Siphonochiloideae (Siphonochileae), Tamijioideae (Tamijieae), Alpinioideae (Alpinieae, Riedelieae), and Zingiberoideae (Zingibereae, Globbeae). Morphological features congruent with this classification and the taxonomic status of various monotypic genera are discussed.

Genetic variation of Kaempferia (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand based on chloroplast DNA(psbA-trnH and petA-psbJ) sequences

“…Previously, Kaempferia was regarded as a monophyletic genus (Kress et al, 2002). Based on our study on the maternally inherited chloroplast (cpDNA) data, K. candida was clearly allocated as the well-isolated clade outside Kaempferia members.…”

“…Little information of its phylogenetic history and molecular data inferred from chloroplast and/or nuclear sequences of Kaempferia has been reported. Recently, the phylogeny of Zingiberaceae was reported based on ITS and matK sequences, and Kaempferia is recognized as a monophyletic group (Kress et al, 2002). Nevertheless, only ITS sequences of 2 Kaempferia accessions and matK sequences of 4 Kaempferia taxa were included in the analyses.…”

From Cuba to most of the neotropic: habenaria bicornis (orchidaceae) is widespread from Mexico to southeastern Brazil

“…Internal support was evaluated by character bootstrapping (Felsenstein 1985) using 1,000 replicates, simple addition, and TBR branch swapping, saving ≤10 trees per replicate. For bootstrap support levels, we considered bootstrap percentages (BPs) of 50-70% as weak, 71-85% as moderate, and >85% as strong (Kress et al 2002).…”

Riqueza e endemismo de espécies de Baptistonia (Orchidaceae), no Brasil

“…A robustez do cladograma proposto foi determinada pelo teste de "bootstrap" com 1000 replicações (Felsenstein 1985). Considera-se geralmente fraco, o suporte "bootstrap", entre 50% e 70%, médio entre 71% e 85% e forte se superior a 85% (Kress et al 2002).…”