The Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Silver/Gold Nanoparticles Obtained by “Green Synthesis” from Willow Bark and Their Formulations as Potential Innovative Pharmaceutical Substances

Abstract

Green chemistry is a pharmaceutical industry tool, which, when implemented correctly, can lead to a minimization in resource consumption and waste. An aqueous extract of Salix alba L. was employed for the efficient and rapid synthesis of silver/gold particle nanostructures via an inexpensive, nontoxic and eco-friendly procedure. The nanoparticles were physicochemically characterized using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), with the best stability of up to one year in the solution obtained for silver nanoparticles without any chemical additives. A comparison of the antimicrobial effect of silver/gold nanoparticles and their formulations (hydrogels, ointments, aqueous solutions) showed that both metallic nanoparticles have antibacterial and antibiofilm effects, with silver-based hydrogels having particularly high antibiofilm efficiency. The highest antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacies were obtained against Pseudomonas aeruginosa when using silver nanoparticle hydrogels, with antibiofilm efficacies of over 75% registered. The hydrogels incorporating green nanoparticles displayed a 200% increased bacterial efficiency when compared to the controls and their components. All silver nanoparticle formulations were ecologically obtained by “green synthesis” and were shown to have an antimicrobial effect or potential as keratinocyte-acting pharmaceutical substances for ameliorating infectious psoriasis wounds.

Investigation of Drug Release Behavior of Cyclomatrix Polyphosphazene Microparticles Decorated with Gold and Silver Nanoparticles

“…As can be seen from the figure, the peaks observed at 2θ°=38.44°, 44.35°, 64.54°, 77.46° for p(CTP‐co‐MMCA)@Ag microparticles correspond to Bragg reflections (111), (200), (220), (311), (222) and indicate that Ag 0 in the structure is nanocrystalline and has a surface‐centered cubic lattice structure. The data obtained as a result of the analysis are consistent with the values reported in the literature for Ag 0 nanoparticles synthesized by the green synthesis [32] …”

“…The data obtained as a result of the analysis are consistent with the values reported in the literature for Ag 0 nanoparticles synthesized by the green synthesis. [32] XPS analysis is often used to investigate the presence and oxidation state of metallic nanoparticles in the structure. Therefore, XPS analyses of p(CTP-co-MMCA)@Au and p(CTP-co-MMCA)@Ag composite microparticles were performed.…”

Barley-Derived Green Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles: Transforming Agricultural Resources into Sustainable Nanomaterials

“…3A), while Barley-AgNPs (Fig. 3B) displayed a size of 4989 nm with a PDI of 0.7 [25]. The zeta potential values indicated highly negative surface charges for both Barley-AuNPs (-4.73 mV) (Fig.…”

Harnessing barley grains for green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles with antibacterial potential

“…4 A), while Barley-AgNPs (Fig. 4 B) displayed a size of 4989 nm with a PDI of 0.7 [ 32 ]. The zeta potential values indicated highly negative surface charges for both Barley-AuNPs (− 4.73 mV) (Fig.…”