The placenta as an experimental model

Fox, H.; Faulk, W. Pagé

doi:10.1016/s0300-595x(81)80038-2

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Amnion and chorion takes distinct growth trajectory upon embryogenesis [9]. The development of amnion and chorion begins with embryogenesis although they do not participate in the formation of the embryo or fetus [10][11][12]. Like the fetus, early growth of the amnion and chorion layers is a rapid process and independent of each other [10].…”

Section: Fetal Membrane Growth and Microfracturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal membrane architecture, aging and inflammation in pregnancy and parturition

2019

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Preterm birth is the single major cause of infant mortality. Short and long term outcomes for infants are often worse in cases of preterm premature rupture of the fetal membranes (pPROM). Thus, increased knowledge of the structure characteristics of fetal membranes as well as the mechanisms of membrane rupture are essential if we are to develop effective treatment strategies to prevent pPROM. In this review, we focus on the role of inflammation and senescence in fetal membrane biology.

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Section: Fetal Membrane Growth and Microfracturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal membrane architecture, aging and inflammation in pregnancy and parturition

2019

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“…All these tissues have similar functions in protection and nourishment of the fetus, and have been shown, in both mouse and human, to synthesize and secrete a number of polypeptide and steroid hormones, hormone releasing factors and other compounds which assist the proper development and growth of the fetus (Gibbon et al, 1975: Hertz, 1978. Furthermore, the human placeta has been reported to produce a tumor growth factorlike growth factor (Stromberg et al, 1982), and to express abundant amounts of growth factor receptors ( Figure 2C; Nexo et al, 1979;Bhaumick et al, 1981;Fox and Page Faulk, 1981;Adamson et al, 1981). It is possible that c-onc gene products exert functions in any of these differentiative, proliferative and growth supporting processes.…”

Section: Implications Of C-onc Gene Expression In Mouse Extraembryonamentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of c-onc genes: c-fos transcripts accumulate to high levels during development of mouse placenta, yolk sac and amnion.

Müller¹,

Verma²,

Adamson³

1983

The EMBO Journal

158

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The c‐onc genes c‐fos and c‐fms are expressed at high levels specifically in mouse extra‐embryonal tissues. Here, we report the results of a detailed analysis of expression of these genes within the developing placenta and extra‐embryonal membranes (i.e., yolk sac and amnion). (i) The c‐fos gene is expressed at relatively high, but nearly constant levels in the undissected placenta throughout gestation. (ii) The level of c‐fos transcripts is greater than or equal to 15‐fold higher in the separated outer portion of the midgestation placenta (primarily undifferentiated fetus‐derived cytotrophoblast maternal decidua) relative to the inner moiety (predominantly differentiated syncytiotrophoblast). (iii) In the inner placenta and in the extra‐embryonal membranes c‐fos transcripts accumulate as gestation proceeds. The abundance of c‐fos transcripts in the micro‐surgically isolated 18th day amnion reaches a level which is two orders of magnitude greater than that in midgestation fetuses, and is thus close to the level of v‐fos transcripts in virus‐transformed cells. (iv) The distribution of c‐fos transcripts within the developing extra‐embryonal tissues is markedly different from that of the c‐fms gene. It is suggested that the c‐fos and c‐fms proteins may participate in differentiation, growth or transport processes occurring in mouse extra‐embryonal tissues.

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“…Recently, our laboratory has reported fetal membrane (amniochorionic membrane) senescence as a mechanism associated with normal term parturition [ 9 , 10 ]. Placental membranes undergo an oxidative stress associated telomere dependent cellular senescence at term [ 11 – 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amnion-Epithelial-Cell-Derived Exosomes Demonstrate Physiologic State of Cell under Oxidative Stress

et al. 2016

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At term, the signals of fetal maturity and feto-placental tissue aging prompt uterine readiness for delivery by transitioning quiescent myometrium to an active stage. It is still unclear how the signals reach the distant myometrium. Exosomes are a specific type of extracellular vesicle (EVs) that transport molecular signals between cells, and are released from a wide range of cells, including the maternal and fetal cells. In this study, we hypothesize that i) exosomes act as carriers of signals in utero-placental compartments and ii) exosomes reflect the physiologic status of the origin cells. The primary aims of this study were to determine exosomal contents in exosomes derived from primary amnion epithelial cells (AEC). We also determined the effect of oxidative stress on AEC derived exosomal cargo contents. AEC were isolated from amniotic membrane obtained from normal, term, not in labor placentae at delivery, and culture under standard conditions. Oxidative stress was induced using cigarette smoke extract for 48 hours. AEC-conditioned media were collected and exosomes isolated by differential centrifugations. Both growth conditions (normal and oxidative stress induced) produced cup shaped exosomes of around 50 nm, expressed exosomes enriched markers, such as CD9, CD63, CD81 and HSC70, embryonic stem cell marker Nanog, and contained similar amounts of cell free AEC DNA. Using confocal microscopy, the colocalization of histone (H) 3, heat shock protein (HSP) 70 and activated form of pro-senescence and term parturition associated marker p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) (P-p38 MAPK) co-localized with exosome enrich marker CD9. HSP70 and P-p38 MAPK were significantly higher in exosomes from AEC grown under oxidative stress conditions than standard conditions (p<0.05). Finally, mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analysis identified 221 different proteins involved in immunomodulatory response and cell-to-cell communication. This study determined AEC exosome characteristics and their cargo reflected the physiologic status of the cell of origin and suggests that AEC-derived exosomal p38 MAPK plays a major role in determining the fate of pregnancy. Understanding the propagation of fetal signals and their mechanisms in normal term pregnancies can provide insights into pathologic activation of such signals associated with spontaneous preterm parturitions.

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The placenta as an experimental model

Cited by 17 publications

References 55 publications

Fetal membrane architecture, aging and inflammation in pregnancy and parturition

Fetal membrane architecture, aging and inflammation in pregnancy and parturition

Expression of c-onc genes: c-fos transcripts accumulate to high levels during development of mouse placenta, yolk sac and amnion.

Amnion-Epithelial-Cell-Derived Exosomes Demonstrate Physiologic State of Cell under Oxidative Stress

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