The Planet Simulator: Towards a user friendly model

Fraedrich, Klaus; Jansen, Heiko; Kirk, Edilbert; Luksch, Ute; Lunkeit, Frank

doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2005/0043

Cited by 260 publications

(202 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The coupling between the atmosphere and the ice cap will be refined by downscaling simulation results obtained with the atmosphere model PUMA-2 (Portable University Model of the Atmosphere, Fraedrich et al 2003; see also http://puma.dkrz.de/puma/) adapted to Martian conditions (Segschneider et al 2004, Planet. Space Sci., submitted for publication).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the north-polar cap of Mars: a modelling study

Greve

Mahajan

Segschneider

et al. 2004

Planetary and Space Science

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Celestial-mechanical computations show that, even stronger than for Earth, Mars is subject to Milanković cycles, that is, quasi-periodic variations of the orbital parameters obliquity, eccentricity and precession. Consequently, solar insolation varies on time-scales of 10 4 -10 5 years. It has long been supposed that this entails climatic cycles like the terrestrial glacialinterglacial cycles. This hypothesis is supported by the light-dark layered deposits of the north-and south-polar caps indicating a strongly varying dust content of the ice due to varying climate conditions in the past. This study aims at simulating the dynamic and thermodynamic evolution of the north-polar cap (NPC) of Mars with the ice-sheet model SICOPOLIS. The boundary conditions of surface accumulation, ablation and temperature are derived directly from the solar-insolation history by applying the newly developed Mars Atmosphere-Ice Coupler MAIC. We consider steady-state scenarios under present climate conditions as well as transient scenarios over climatic cycles. It is found that the NPC is most likely not in steady state with the present climate. The topography of the NPC is mainly controlled by the history of the surface mass balance. Ice flow, which is of the order of 1 mm a −1 , plays only a minor role. In order to build up the present cap during the last five million years of relatively low obliquities, a present accumulation rate of ≥ 0.25 mm water equiv. a −1 is required. Computed basal temperatures are far below pressure melting for all simulations and all times.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the north-polar cap of Mars: a modelling study

Greve

Mahajan

Segschneider

et al. 2004

Planetary and Space Science

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“…The climate model emulator used here is PLASIM-ENTSem (Holden et al, 2013), an emulation of PLASIM-ENTS, Fraedrich et al (2005) coupled to the ENTS vegetation and land surface model (Williamson et al, 2006), here run at T21 resolution (approximately 5 degree).…”

Section: Climate Model: Plasim-entsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worldwide impacts of climate change on energy for heating and cooling

Labriet¹,

Joshi

Vielle

et al. 2013

Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change

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The energy sector is not only a major contributor to greenhouse gases, it is also vulnerable to climate change and will have to adapt to future climate conditions. The objective of this study is to analyze the impacts of changes in future temperatures on the heating and cooling services of buildings and the resulting energy and macro-economic effects at global and regional levels. For this purpose, the techno-economic TIAM-WORLD (TIMES Integrated Assessment Model) and the general equilibrium GEMINI-E3 (General Equilibrium Model of International-National Interactions between Economy, Energy and Environment) models are coupled with a climate model, PLASIM-ENTS (Planet-Simulator -Efficient Numerical Terrestrial Scheme). The key results are as follows. At the global level, the climate feedback induced by adaptation of the energy system to heating and cooling is found to be insignificant, partly because heating and cooling-induced changes compensate and partly because they represent a limited share of total final energy consumption. However, significant changes are observed at regional levels, more particularly in terms of additional power capacity required to satisfy additional cooling services, resulting in increases in electricity prices. In terms of macro-economic impacts, welfare gains and losses are associated more with changes in energy exports and imports than with changes in energy consumption for heating and cooling. The rebound effect appears to be non-negligible.To conclude, the coupling of models of different nature was successful and showed that the energy and economic impacts of climate change on heating and cooling remain small at the global level, but changes in energy needs will be visible at more local scale.

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“…The Planet Simulator (PLASIM) is a climate model of intermediate complexity, freely available at http://www.mi.unihamburg.de/plasim (Fraedrich et al, 2005a(Fraedrich et al, , 2005b. The primitive equations formulated for vorticity, divergence, temperature and the logarithm of surface pressure are solved via the spectral transform method (Eliasen et al, 1970;Orszag, 1970).…”

Section: Model and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic analysis of snowball Earth hysteresis experiment: Efficiency, entropy production and irreversibility

Lucarini

Fraedrich

Lunkeit

2010

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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144

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We present an extensive thermodynamic analysis of a hysteresis experiment performed on a simplified yet Earth-like climate model. We slowly vary the solar constant by 20% around the present value and detect that for a large range of values of the solar constant the realization of snowball or of regular climate conditions depends on the history of the system. Using recent results on the global climate thermodynamics, we show that the two regimes feature radically different properties. The efficiency of the climate machine monotonically increases with decreasing solar constant in present climate conditions, whereas the opposite takes place in snowball conditions. Instead, entropy production is monotonically increasing with the solar constant in both branches of climate conditions, and its value is about four times larger in the warm branch than in the corresponding cold state. Finally, the degree of irreversibility of the system, measured as the fraction of excess entropy production due to irreversible heat transport processes, is much higher in the warm climate conditions, with an explosive growth in the upper range of the considered values of solar constants. Whereas in the cold climate regime a dominating role is played by changes in the meridional albedo contrast, in the warm climate regime changes in the intensity of latent heat fluxes are crucial for determining the observed properties. This substantiates the importance of addressing correctly the variations of the hydrological cycle in a changing climate. An interpretation of the climate transitions at the tipping points based upon macro-scale thermodynamic properties is also proposed. Our results support the adoption of a new generation of diagnostic tools based on the second law of thermodynamics for auditing climate models and outline a set of parametrizations to be used in conceptual and intermediate-complexity models or for the reconstruction of the past climate conditions.

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The Planet Simulator: Towards a user friendly model

Cited by 260 publications

References 25 publications

Evolution of the north-polar cap of Mars: a modelling study

Evolution of the north-polar cap of Mars: a modelling study

Worldwide impacts of climate change on energy for heating and cooling

Thermodynamic analysis of snowball Earth hysteresis experiment: Efficiency, entropy production and irreversibility

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