The policy of keeping trees alive via spray operations may hasten the recurrence of spruce budworm outbreaks

Blais, J. R.

doi:10.5558/tfc50019-1

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In his review of the effects of chemical treatment of forests in New Brunswick on songbirds, fish stocks and other wildlife, Varty (1975) concludes that, after 7 years of annual use of fenitrothion on a large scale, there has been no measureable loss of other forest resources, nor any unacceptable reduction of environmental integrity. Also, it has repeatedly been shown that insecticides used have little effect on budworm parasites (Blais 1960;Varty 1976). A large-scale study conducted throughout Quebec by members of the Quebec Department of Lands andForests in 1975 (Personal communication, 1975 treated and untreated regions.…”

Section: Resumementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Quebec, infested stands earmarked for protection are generally treated in the second year of severe defoliation. If the trees are to be kept alive, treatment, once begun, usually has to be repeated several times during the outbreak, which may persist for many years (Blais 1973). The purpose of the treatment is to reduce larval populations to save as much current foliage as possible.…”

Section: Resumementioning

confidence: 99%

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Can Bacillus Thuringiensis Replace Chemical Insecticides in the Control of Spruce Budworm?

Blais¹

1976

The Forestry Chronicle

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Recent demands by citizen groups calling for replacement of chemical insecticides by Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.), a microbial insecticide, for the control of spruce budworm have received considerable publicity. Effects of chemical spray operations on the forest environment are discussed, and progress made to date with trial applications of B.t. against spruce budworm is reported. Although great caution should be exercised in the aerial application of insecticides, there is no evidence that these chemical compounds at conventional dosages cause serious damage to the forest environment. Although a desirable substitute for chemicals, B.t. still presents many drawbacks and requires further experimentation before it can be recommended as an economic alternative for effective reduction of damage by spruce budworm. ResumePlusieurs groupes de citoyens du Quebec demandent que la lutte chimique contre la tordeuse des bourgeons de IVpinette soit remplacee par des pulv6risations I'aide du Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.),, un insecticide microbien. Les effets sur I'environnement des traitements aux insecticides chimiques contre la tordeuse, et les progrbs accomplis jusqu'a ce jour au cours de divers essais avec le B.t. sont discutes. D'une part, il n'est pas apparent que I'application d'insecticides chimiques cause des deglts serieux a I'environnernent. D'autre part, le B.t. bien qu'etant un substitut souhaitable aux insecticides chimiques contre la tordeuse, offre encore plusieurs inconvenients et de nouveaux essais sur le terrain devront dtre effectues afin de determiner si ce produit est vraiment efficace.During the past 3 years several articles have appeared in Quebec newspapers blaming the authorities for the continued use of chemical insecticides against spruce budworm. These articles have suggested that the insecticides used caused damage to forest fauna and that it should be replaced by Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.1, a microbial insecticide supposedly effective against spruce budworm, and which causes no damage to forms of life other than the target insect. As a consequence of this publicity, the Quebec Department of Lands and Forests has been receiving many petitions and letters asking that chemical insecticides be replaced by B.t. In the fall of 1975 the "Association forestiere des Cantons de I'Est" (ACFE), an organization representing hundreds of 1The paper was presented at a "Symposlum on Mlcroblal Control of Spruce Budworrn" held in Montreal, January 20-22. 1976.

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Section: Resumementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resumementioning

confidence: 99%

Can Bacillus Thuringiensis Replace Chemical Insecticides in the Control of Spruce Budworm?

Blais¹

1976

The Forestry Chronicle

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“…They are not generally effective in budworm population suppression, but act mainly as a short-term treatment for this year's problem. It is postulated that insecticide usage may result in continuing outbreaks (Blais 1974). Moreover insecticides pollute the environment, however mildly, and raise a chorus of demands for biological control.…”

Section: Biological Methods Of Spruce Budworm Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Methods of Spruce Budworm Control

Miller¹,

Varty²

1975

The Forestry Chronicle

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“…), un insecte defollateur du sapin baumier, Abies balsamea Mill., et des epinettes blanche et rouge, Plcea glauca Voss et P. rubens Sarg., est consideree par certains comme I'ennemi numero un au niveau economique des for& resineuses du nord-est de I'Amerique (Miller, 1975). Des epidemies repetees, (Blais, 1965;Swaine et Craighead, 1924), et une tendance de ces dernieres a revenir intervalles plus courts (Blais, 1974) ont ete a I'origine de nombreuses etudes sur la biologie de I'insecte, (Mitchell et Seabrook, 1970), la susceptibilite des forBts (Blais, 1968;Hardy et Dorais, 1976;Morris et Bishop, 1951) et I'epidemiologie (Blackman, 1919;Blais 1964). Toutefois, rares sont les etudes d'impact sur le milieu forestier (Baskerville et MacLean, 1979;Batzer, 1973;Bla~s 1981;McLlntock, 1955), malgre de nombreux estlmes lmprec~s (Baskerville, 1960, Blals, 1958Morris, 1946).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Mortalité du sapin baumier défolié par la tordeuse des bourgeons de l'épinette dans la région de la Gatineau au Québec

Beaulieu¹,

Hardy²

1982

The Forestry Chronicle

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This paper presents a method of analysis which differentiates between spruce budworm caused mortality and regular mortality on balsam fir in the Gatineau region in Quebec. A first attempt was made using multiple linear regression and a uniform random number generator. In order to overcome the bias inherent to the least squares method when dealing with a binary (0,1) dependent variable, a profit analysis was also conducted. In this case, the parameters and their variance were estimated using likehood method. These two approaches proved to be equivalent when percent budworm caused mortality was compared within the 1958 to 1979 period covered by the data at hand, while the outbreak lasted from 1968 to 1975.In 1979, approximately 55% of the stems had been killed by the budworm, accounting for 53% of the volume. Maple-yellow birch associations were more affected than fir associations although no significant difference was found. Fir mortality was delayed by aerial spraying of insecticides but this advantage disappeared as soon as the spray operations came to an end.

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The policy of keeping trees alive via spray operations may hasten the recurrence of spruce budworm outbreaks

Abstract: According to J. R. BLAlS of the kaurentian Forest

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

Can Bacillus Thuringiensis Replace Chemical Insecticides in the Control of Spruce Budworm?

Can Bacillus Thuringiensis Replace Chemical Insecticides in the Control of Spruce Budworm?

Biological Methods of Spruce Budworm Control

Mortalité du sapin baumier défolié par la tordeuse des bourgeons de l'épinette dans la région de la Gatineau au Québec

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