The Possible Protective Effect of Losartan on Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Albino Rats: A Histological And Immunohistochemical Study

Abstract

The possible protective effect of Losartan, an angiotensin II receptor 1 antagonist, on bleomycininduced rat lung fibrosis was evaluated using histological and immunohistochemical techniques. Twenty adult male albino rats were divided into 4 groups each of five rats: Group I (control) given saline both I.V and orally, Group II given bleomycin 10mg/Kg/day I.V., Group III given losartan 10 mg/Kg/day orally and Group IV given both bleomycin and losartan. Lung sections were taken at the 28 th day of the experiment, stained with H&E, Masson's trichrome, Orcein and immunohistochemical stain for α-SMA. This was followed by morphometric measurements and statistical analysis. The present study showed that bleomycin induced fibrotic changes in the lung in the form of thickened interalveolar septa filled with proliferated type II pneumocytes, fibroblasts and inflammatory cells with significant increase in collagen and elastic fibres deposition and in α-SMA immunoreactivity. It was found that concomitant treatment with losartan (Group IV) showed significant reduction in these fibrotic changes. The changes in α-SMA immunoreactivity in different groups showed the same pattern as those of collagen and elastic fibres. Thus, it could be concluded that myofibroblasts might play a pivotal role in induction of lung fibrosis and they could be a target of future therapeutic strategies.

Protective effects of exogenous melatonin therapy against oxidative stress to male reproductive tissue caused by anti-cancer chemical and radiation therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies

“…The studies were published from Iran (n=11) ( 20 , 40 , 45 , 53 – 55 , 59 , 61 , 65 , 67 , 68 ), Turkey (n=9) ( 21 , 31 , 36 – 39 , 43 , 47 , 64 ), Egypt (n=9) ( 33 – 35 , 41 , 42 , 44 , 46 , 48 , 60 ), China (n=7) ( 14 , 19 , 32 , 49 , 62 , 63 , 66 ), India (n=4) ( 22 , 50 , 52 , 57 ), Thailand (n=1) ( 58 ), Nigeria (n=1) ( 56 ), and South Korea (n=1) ( 51 ). Studies employed rats (n=25) ( 20 – 22 , 31 , 34 – 37 , 39 , 41 – 44 , 46 – 48 , 51 , 56 – 58 , 61 , 62 , 64 , 65 , 68 ) and mice (n=18) ( 14 , 19 , 32 , 33 , 38 , 40 , 45 , 49 , 50 , 52 – 55 , 59 ,…”

“…To induce stress, the included studies employed ionizing radiations (n=9) ( 21 , 39 , 46 , 48 – 50 , 59 , 60 , 64 ) and chemical agents (n=34) ( 14 , 19 , 20 , 22 , 31 – 38 , 40 – 45 , 47 , 51 – 58 , 61 – 63 , 65 – 68 ). For chemical therapy, methotrexate ( 58 , 62 ), paclitaxel ( 63 ), busulfan ( 19 , 32 – 34 , 45 , 53 – 55 , 65 , 67 , 68 ), cisplatin ( 14 , 20 , 22 , 37 , 40 – 44 , 47 ), doxorubicin ( 51 , 57 , 66 ), vinblastine ( 22 ), bleomycin ( 20 , 22 ), cyclophosphamide ( 31 , 47 , 52 , 61 ), etoposide ( 20 ), Taxol ( 35 ), procarbazine ( 36 ), docetaxel ( 38 ), and chlorambucil ( 56 ) were employed. Melatonin was administered intraperitoneal (IP, n=32) ( 14 , 19 – 22 , 31 – 41 , 43 , 45 – 47 , 49 ,…”

“…For chemical therapy, methotrexate ( 58 , 62 ), paclitaxel ( 63 ), busulfan ( 19 , 32 – 34 , 45 , 53 – 55 , 65 , 67 , 68 ), cisplatin ( 14 , 20 , 22 , 37 , 40 – 44 , 47 ), doxorubicin ( 51 , 57 , 66 ), vinblastine ( 22 ), bleomycin ( 20 , 22 ), cyclophosphamide ( 31 , 47 , 52 , 61 ), etoposide ( 20 ), Taxol ( 35 ), procarbazine ( 36 ), docetaxel ( 38 ), and chlorambucil ( 56 ) were employed. Melatonin was administered intraperitoneal (IP, n=32) ( 14 , 19 – 22 , 31 – 41 , 43 , 45 – 47 , 49 , 50 , 53 – 55 , 58 – 61 , 63 – 68 ) and oral (n=8) ( 42 , 44 , 48 , 51 , 52 , 56 , 57 , 62 ). Detailed study characteristics, including stressor and melatonin dosages, duration of exposure to each one, and number and age of rodents, are provided in Table 1 and Supplementary Material 2 .…”