The potential role of angiogenic factors in rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract

Angiogenesis is an important phenomenon in the pathogenesis of some diseases, such as numerous types of tumors and autoimmunity, and also a number of soluble and cell-bound factors may stimulate neovascularization in inflammatory reaction processes. Here, by highlighting the significance of angiogenesis reaction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we will mainly focus on the role of various growth factors, cytokines, enzymes, cells, hypoxic conditions and transcription factors in the angiogenic process and we will then explain some therapeutic strategies based on blockage of angiogenesis and modification of the vascular pathology in RA.

Hic-5 mediates endothelial sprout initiation by regulating a key surface metalloproteinase

“…During angiogenesis, quiescent endothelial cells are activated in response to external pro-angiogenic cues to proliferate, migrate, invade and form lumens within the surrounding three-dimensional (3D) matrix (Adams and Alitalo, 2007;Iruela-Arispe and Davis, 2009). Loss of angiogenic regulation is a common denominator in several human disorders, including, but not limited to, cancer (Folkman, 1995), rheumatoid arthritis (Azizi et al, 2014) and macular degeneration (Ambati and Fowler, 2012). Thus, understanding the molecular signaling pathways that regulate endothelial cell activation and sprouting is crucial to gain further insights into the events that regulate angiogenesis.…”

CCN1 Promotes VEGF Production in Osteoblasts and Induces Endothelial Progenitor Cell Angiogenesis by Inhibiting miR-126 Expression in Rheumatoid Arthritis

“…VEGF is a major angiogenic factor in RA. (11,12) CCN1 is involved in RA pathogenesis (22) ; its effect on -F) MG-63 and hFOB cells were incubated with various concentrations of CCN1 (0 to 10 ng/mL) for 24 hours; VEGF expression was examined by qPCR, Western blot, and ELISA. (G-J) Cells were incubated with CCN1 (0 to 10 ng/mL) for 24 hours, or pretreated for 30 min with IgG control antibody or VEGF antibody (1 mg/mL), followed by stimulation with CCN1 (10 ng/mL) for 24 hours.…”

Advances and challenges in hemophilic arthropathy

“…VEGF is elevated in hemophilia patients with arthropathy compared to patients with other bleeding disorders without joint involvement. 60 VEGF is also elevated in RA and OA 61, 62 and levels appear to be related to disease activity and synovitis. 60, 62, 63 VEGF is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of arthritis by various mechanisms, although its correlation with extent of synovitis, dynamic neoangiogenesis and long-term joint outcomes requires more study.…”

“…60 VEGF is also elevated in RA and OA 61, 62 and levels appear to be related to disease activity and synovitis. 60, 62, 63 VEGF is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of arthritis by various mechanisms, although its correlation with extent of synovitis, dynamic neoangiogenesis and long-term joint outcomes requires more study. 64 In general, the detection of early tissue changes and their meaning for progression of arthropathy require the discovery of new biomarkers specific for HA.…”