The prebiotic inulin improves substrate metabolism and promotes short-chain fatty acid production in overweight to obese men

Beek, Christina M. van der; Canfora, Emanuel E.; Kip, Anna M.; Gorissen, Stefan H.M.; Damink, Steven W. M. Olde; Eijk, Hans M. van; Holst, Jens J.; Blaak, Ellen E.; Dejong, Cornelis H. C.; Lenaerts, Kaatje

doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2018.06.009

Cited by 168 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Variants with glpK frameshift mutations are detectable in sputum samples from many human TB patients and, furthermore, these glpK mutants were unstable (47,48). Human plasma and mouse lung tissue contain significant amounts of free-glycerol (49)(50)(51)(52) and our results show that free-glycerol is also present in diseased mouse lung and caseum. The levels of glycerol we detected in vivo are substantially lower Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Phase variation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis glpK produces transiently heritable drug tolerance

Safi

Gopal

Lingaraju

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

114

120

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The length and complexity of tuberculosis (TB) therapy, as well as the propensity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to develop drug resistance, are major barriers to global TB control efforts. M. tuberculosis is known to have the ability to enter into a drug-tolerant state, which may explain many of these impediments to TB treatment. We have identified a mechanism of genetically encoded but rapidly reversible drug tolerance in M. tuberculosis caused by transient frameshift mutations in a homopolymeric tract (HT) of 7 cytosines (7C) in the glpK gene. Inactivating frameshift mutations associated with the 7C HT in glpK produce small colonies that exhibit heritable multidrug increases in minimal inhibitory concentrations and decreases in drug-dependent killing; however, reversion back to a fully drug-susceptible large-colony phenotype occurs rapidly through the introduction of additional insertions or deletions in the same glpK HT region. These reversible frameshift mutations in the 7C HT of M. tuberculosis glpK occur in clinical isolates, accumulate in M. tuberculosis-infected mice with further accumulation during drug treatment, and exhibit a reversible transcriptional profile including induction of dosR and sigH and repression of kstR regulons, similar to that observed in other in vitro models of M. tuberculosis tolerance. These results suggest that GlpK phase variation may contribute to drug tolerance, treatment failure, and relapse in human TB. Drugs effective against phase-variant M. tuberculosis may hasten TB treatment and improve cure rates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Phase variation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis glpK produces transiently heritable drug tolerance

Safi

Gopal

Lingaraju

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

114

120

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“…Initially inulins were valued for improving digestive health or bowel habit, that has been more recently substantiated by a systematic review (De Vries et al, 2019). Importantly there is an increasing evidence for inulins' role in glucose homeostasis relevant against type 2 diabetes and obesity, amongst several other benefits (Canfora et al, 2015;Koh et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2017b;Slavin, 2013;Stephen et al, 2017;Van de Wouw et al, 2018;Van der Beek et al, 2018). Microbes do not act in isolation and via the process of cross-feeding and other beneficial and/or antagonistic interactions they can influence other members within the community (Tims et al, 2016).…”

Section: Concluding Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fructans, prebiotics and fibres on the human gut microbiome assessed by 16S rRNA-based approaches: a review

Swanson

Vos

Martens

et al. 2020

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The inherent and diverse capacity of dietary fibres, nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) and prebiotics to modify the gut microbiota and markedly influence health status of the host has attracted rising interest. Research and collective initiatives to determine the composition and diversity of the human gut microbiota have increased over the past decade due to great advances in high-throughput technologies, particularly the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing. Here we reviewed the application of 16S rRNA-based molecular technologies, both community wide (sequencing and phylogenetic microarrays) and targeted methodologies (quantitative PCR, fluorescent in situ hybridisation) to study the effect of chicory inulin-type fructans, NDOs and specific added fibres, such as resistant starches, on the human intestinal microbiota. Overall, such technologies facilitated the monitoring of microbiota shifts due to prebiotic/fibre consumption, though there are limited community-wide sequencing studies so far. Molecular studies confirmed the selective bifidogenic effect of fructans and galactooligosaccharides (GOS) in human intervention studies. Fructans only occasionally decreased relative abundance of Bacteroidetes or stimulated other groups. The sequencing studies for various resistant starches, polydextrose and beta-glucan showed broader effects with more and different types of gut microbial species being enhanced, often including phylotypes of Ruminococcaceae. There was substantial variation in terms of magnitude of response and in individual responses to a specific fibre or NDO which may be due to numerous factors, such as initial presence and relative abundance of a microbial type, diet, genetics of the host, and intervention parameters, such as intervention duration and fibre dose. The field will clearly benefit from a more systematic approach that will support defining the impact of prebiotics and fibres on the gut microbiome, identify biomarkers that link gut microbes to health, and address the personalised response of an individual’s microbiota to prebiotics and dietary fibres.

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“…In a randomized double-blind and placebo-controlled trial, inulin supplementation improved glycemic and lipid level in patients with type 2 diabetes (Roshanravan et al, 2017). Intake of the inulin also reduced fat glycemic index and promoted SCFA production in obese men (van der Beek et al, 2018).…”

Section: Diabetes and Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Fibers from Fruits and Vegetables and Their Health Benefits via Modulation of Gut Microbiota

Cui

Lian²,

Zhao

et al. 2019

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

162

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Dietary fibers (DFs) regulate host health through various mechanisms related to their dietary sources, specific physicochemical structures, fermentability, and physiological properties in the gut. Considering the numerous types and sources of DFs and their different physicochemical and physiological properties, it is challenging yet important to establish the key mechanisms for the beneficial health effects of DFs. In this review, the types and structures of DFs from different fruits and vegetables were summarized and the effects of different processing methods on DF properties were discussed. Moreover, the impacts of DFs on gut microbial ecology, host physiology, and health were described. Understanding the complex interaction between different DFs and gut microbiota is vital for personalized nutrition. It is also important to comprehend factors influencing gut microbiota and strategies to regulate the microbiota, thereby augmenting beneficial health responses. The exploration of molecular mechanism linking DFs, gut microbiota, and host physiology may allow for the identification of effective targets to fight against major chronic diseases.

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The prebiotic inulin improves substrate metabolism and promotes short-chain fatty acid production in overweight to obese men

Cited by 168 publications

References 53 publications

Phase variation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis glpK produces transiently heritable drug tolerance

Phase variation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis glpK produces transiently heritable drug tolerance

Effect of fructans, prebiotics and fibres on the human gut microbiome assessed by 16S rRNA-based approaches: a review

Dietary Fibers from Fruits and Vegetables and Their Health Benefits via Modulation of Gut Microbiota

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