The preconditioning pulmonary protective effect of volatile isoflurane in acute lung injury is mediated by activation of endogenous iNOS

Abstract

Pretreatment with volatile isoflurane attenuated inflammatory process in the lung tissue of rats with LPS-induced ALI, and this preconditioning pulmonary protective effect was mainly mediated by activation of endogenous iNOS in the lung.

Suppressive oligonucleotides inhibit inflammation in a murine model of mechanical ventilator induced lung injury

“…The interventions associated with the study of MV (including intubation and measurements of lung function) might increase the immune response characterized by the accumulation of inflammatory cells that release cytokines and chemokines (1,29,34). Conversely, inhaled anesthetics including the isoflurane used in this work can have antiinflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects (35,36). Thus, the use of isoflurane might have delayed the onset or reduced the magnitude of MV-elicited changes in inflammatory cell activation/migration in the lungs.…”

Isoflurane Ameliorates Acute Lung Injury by Preserving Epithelial Tight Junction Integrity

“…Isoflurane has been shown to confer protection in various models of acute lung injury including zymosan induced lung injury, 36,37 systemic endotoxemia, 21 inhaled endotoxin, 7,13 hemorrhagic shock, 20 and VILI. 14,15 Although isoflurane has been studied in models using a single lung injury, our study is, to the best of our knowledge, the first to examine the effects of isoflurane in a clinically relevant two-hit model of lung injury where isoflurane was administered after lung injury was established.…”

“…Isoflurane is one of the most commonly used volatile anesthetics 7 and possesses cytoprotective properties, 8 anti-inflammatory properties, 9–11 and cardioprotective effects. 12 While isoflurane has been shown to confer protection in animal models of lung injury including inhaled endotoxin 13 and VILI, 14,15 its use in patients with lung injury remains controversial, as some data suggest it may have deleterious effects.…”

Analysis of the imflammatory effects of sevoflurane and izofluran on healty rat lung

“…Ratların 12 saat sonra kalbi durdurularak akciğer dokusunun alveolar-kapiller permeabilitesi değerlen-dirilerek, iNOS ve CD11b ekspresyonu ile MPO aktivitesi analiz edilmiş. Sonuçta, öncesinde izofluran uygulanan akciğerde yaş/kuru oranının azaldığı, dokuda iNOS ve CD11 ekspresyonu zayıflamış ve MPO enzimatik aktivitesinin azaldığını bulmuşlardır [24] . Buradaki iNOS ve CD11'nin endojen aktivasyonları insan ve hayvan modellerinde ALI'nin gelişimi için duyarlı biyomarkerlerdir [25,26] .…”

“…LPS uygulanmadığında, izofluran inhalasyonunun rat akciğe-rinde başlangıçta iNOS'un ekspresyonunu artırdığını belirlemişler. LPS'in intratrakeal uygulamasından sonra ise bu proteini zayıflattığını tespit etmişlerdir yani izofluran sağlıklı rat akciğerinde inflamatuar etki yapmış ancak LPS ile ALI oluşturulduğunda koruyucu etki oluşturmuştur [24] . Bu sonuç, çalışmamızdaki izofluran uygulanan sağlıklı rat akciğerinde artmış MPO ve nötrofil infiltrasyonunu desteklemektedir.…”