The predictive value of computed tomography value on high-resolution images in differentiating invasive from indolent lung adenocarcinoma

Abstract

Background Invasive adenocarcinoma (IA) has a worse prognosis and different clinical management strategies compared to indolent lung adenocarcinoma including adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and minimally IA (MIA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of computed tomography (CT) value in differentiating invasive from indolent lung adenocarcinoma. Methods The pathological diagnoses and imaging data of confirmed lung adenocarcinomas manifested as lung nodules with homogeneous internal density which were surgically resected between August 2021 and July 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Differences in CT values between invasive and indolent lung adenocarcinomas were compared in the primary cohort (n=766), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the optimal cut-off value. The predictive performance of the cut-off value was evaluated in the validation cohort (n=341). Results A total of 1,107 lung nodules from 1,014 patients were included in the total cohort. The CT values had a significant difference between invasive and indolent lung adenocarcinomas (P<0.001). Using the primary cohort, we determined the optimal cut-off value of −415 Hounsfield units (HU) of the CT value based on ROC curve, which showed good discrimination between IA and AIS/MIA in both the primary and validation cohorts (sensitivity, 85.98% and 87.42%, specificity, 87.67% and 84.74%, respectively). Conclusions The CT value of >−415 HU could be an effective predictor of invasive lung adenocarcinoma, thereby providing an appropriate clinical decision guide.