The Present Status of Problems Relating to the Ciliates of Ruminants and Equidae

Becker, Elery R.

doi:10.1086/394408

Cited by 30 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Since no resistant forms or cysts of rumen protozoa have been detected in feed, water or faeces, direct contact with a fauna ted animal appears to be the only route for transmission of these rumen organisms (Becker and Hsiung, 1929;Becker, 1932). Since no resistant forms or cysts of rumen protozoa have been detected in feed, water or faeces, direct contact with a fauna ted animal appears to be the only route for transmission of these rumen organisms (Becker and Hsiung, 1929;Becker, 1932).…”

Section: Faunationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem

Hobson¹,

Stewart²

1997

353

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Section: Faunationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rumen pH is supposedly quite acid in young animals, presumably due to the rapid fermentation of soluble sugars in their diet of milk or starter ration (Becker, 1932). Rumen pH is supposedly quite acid in young animals, presumably due to the rapid fermentation of soluble sugars in their diet of milk or starter ration (Becker, 1932).…”

Section: Faunationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem

Hobson¹,

Stewart²

1997

353

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“…Mitarb., 1983;KAYOULI u. Mitarb., 1984) (BECKER, 1932;POUNDEN u. HIBBS, 1950;ITABASHI u. MATSUKAWA, 1979). Aufgrund des Ruckgangs der Garungstatigkeit in den Vormagen wird Defaunierung auch erfolgreich als Therapiemaflnahme bei Pansenblahungen eingesetzt (YOUSSEF u.…”

Section: Pansenfermentationunclassified

Methodik und Anwendung der Defaunierung beim wachsenden Wiederkäuer

Kreuzer

1986

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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Methods and application of defaunation in the growing ruminantDefaunation (selective destruction of protozoa in the rumen) is suitable for the evaluation of the effects resulting from the activity of the rumen ciliate protozoa and also for possible growth promotion in ruminant fattening. In scientific experiments defaunation should be practised with detergents, whereas nutritive methods seem to be of advantage for the practical application of defaunation. Ruminants reared without ciliates from birth by isolation show, in contrast, no advantage over faunated animals.The evaluation of experiments with defaunated animals showed clear effects on the digestive physiology. Bacterial counts increase up to a 2-3 fold value and the formation of ammonia and methane is reduced by about a third on average. The proportion of butyrate is lower, while the proportion of propionate increases. With regard to the higher total content of volatile fatty acids in artificially defaunated animals there is an increase in propionate content of rumen fluid. This is not valid for animals kept ciliate-free by isolation from birth. The apparent digestibilities of almost all nutrients decrease after defaunation by 1-2 percentage units because of the reduced fermentation activity in the rumen. Daily live-weight gain, N retention and food conversion efficiency are clearly improved in artifically defaunated animals, while isolation from birth leads to exactly contrary effects.An evaluation of the defaunation experiments in relation to the applied food composition showed that defaunation seems to be of advantage if rations contain protein of a high rumen degradability, especially if the ration crude protein content is low. O n the other hand, the ciliates seem to be of some importance if rations rich in starch are fed, but in this case the effects are not so clear as with protein. EinleitungEs ist seit langem bekannt, dai3 die Protozoen, speziell die Ciliaten, eine wichtige Rolle beim Nahrungsabbau im Pansen von Wiederkauern spielen, aber auch, dai3 sie nicht essentiell fur das Wirtstier sind (BECKER u. Mitarb., 1929). Daher wurde eine groi3e Zahl von Versuchen zur Bedeutung und Aktivitat einzelner Protozoenarten und zum Teil auch US. Copyright Clearance Center Code Statement: 0721-0981/86/331&0721$02.50/0 722 KREUZER der Gesamtpopulation durchgefiihrt. Die Ergebnisse hieraus sind wiederum in einigen Ubersichtsarbeiten zusammengefah (z. In diesen Literaturubersichten wird auch auf die Defaunierung (vollstandige Entfernung der tierischen Mikroben aus dem Pansen des Wiederkauers) als eine Methode zur Untersuchung der Protozoentatigkeit hingewiesen. Es sollte moglich sein, im Differenzverfahren durch den Vergleich von defaunierten Tieren und Tieren rnit normaler Fauna Effekte der Ciliaten auf verschiedene Parameter zu messen. Die Aussagekraft dieses Verfahrens wird jedoch durch das Kompensationsverhalten der weiterhin vorhandenen Bakterien etwas eingeschrankt. Da sich aber aus zahlreichen Versuchen mit protozoenfreien Tieren ein ansehnlichks Datenmat...

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“…This is also clear from Dogiel's observations (Dogiel, 1947). Becker (1932) in referring to this apparent mild form of specificity poses the question of whether this is due to ' unequal distribution due to specifically adapted infusoria or to individual physiological 586 J. M. EADIE properties of the various host species '. The observations on antagonism between ciliate species in the present work may partly solve this question of variation in ciliate populations between animals and between host species.…”

Section: Rumen Ciliate Protozoa 585mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-Relationships between Certain Rumen Ciliate Protozoa

Eadie¹

1962

Journal of General Microbiology

127

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SUMMARYThe establishment and components of the rumen ciliate population in a series of young animals has been followed using intra-ruminal inoculation with rumen material, and for comparison purposes the ciliate population in a number of adult ruminants has been examined. The fact that the ciliates Polyplastron multivesiculatum, Eudiplodinium maggii and Epidinium spp., though not host specific, did not form a stable mixed population was noted and experiments were carried out to examine the antogonism between certain of these organisms. The cause of the antagonism was not determined but cannibalism, food competition, or gross bacterial change did not seem to be responsible. It was found that the population of an adult animal could be changed by inoculation but the relationship between the ciliates appeared to be in some way affected by the host. It is concluded that inter-relationships of the type described may play an important role in determining the components of a particular rumen microfauna.

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The Present Status of Problems Relating to the Ciliates of Ruminants and Equidae

Cited by 30 publications

References 4 publications

The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem

The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem

Methodik und Anwendung der Defaunierung beim wachsenden Wiederkäuer

Inter-Relationships between Certain Rumen Ciliate Protozoa

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