The Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Cervical Human Papillomavirus DNA in Women with Normal Cytology in North of Iran

Abstract

Background: Cervical cancer is a leading cause of mortality in women. Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is recognized as an important etiological factor for the development of cervical cancer. On the other hand, cervical cancer screening can detect abnormal cervical cells and diagnose cervical cancer in the early stages. Objectives: This study was performed to determine and analyse the distribution of HPV genotypes in normal cervical tissues, using polymerase chain reaction in Mazandaran province in North of Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed during 2012 -2015. Tissue samples from the cervix were collected from 450 women, referring to a healthcare centre in Mazandaran province, Iran. Pap smear was used to monitor any abnormalities or unusual findings. Also, GP5 + / GP6 + primers were applied for the detection of HPV DNA in the specimens. Afterwards, positive samples were selected to perform high-risk HPV genotyping, using the HPV HCR DNA genotyping kit. Results: In this study, 431 (95.78%) samples were found to be normal on the Pap smear test, while 19 (4.22%) samples were abnormal. We found that the rate of positive HPV DNA was 10.22% in the tissue cervix samples. Human papillomavirus DNA was detected in 8.12% (35 of 431) of the normal tissues and 57.89% (11 of 19) of the abnormal tissues. From the 46 HPV DNA positive samples, 19 (41.30%) were HPV16, 9 (19.57%) of which were HPV18 and 1 (2.17%) was HPV45. In this study, the highest prevalence of HPV DNA was found in women within the age range of 20-24 years, which constitutes 20 (28.17%) of the HPV DNA positive samples. Conclusions: Cervical cancer screening, comprising of both Pap test and HPV testing, is an essential part of the routine health care for women as it can facilitate the detection of abnormal cervical cells. HPV infection can produce abnormal Pap test results; also, certain types of HPV are associated with cancer. Therefore, it is important to diagnose abnormal cervical tissues before the development of cervical cancer.

The Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Human Papillomavirus Types in the General Female Population in West of Iran

“…Other prevalent types were HPV 45, 30s, 11 (1.8% from each). Recent studies done in the other parts of Iran, revealed that HPV 16 (41%) and 18 (20%) were the most common HR-HPV genotypes according to Daneshvar et al and the other study revealed that the most common HR-HPV genotypes obtained were HPV 16 (33%) and 53 (9%) (35,36). Moreover, in agreement with the other studies done in several Asian countries, our results showed that HPV 16 and 18, HPV 50s was mostly presented in the cervical samples (13,23,37,38).…”

“…The HR-HPV types were the most frequent ones that have been detected. Among the 54 HPV that were positive, 61.1% (33) and 64.8% (35) of them have shown the presence of HR-HPV and LR-HPV, respectively. Furthermore, HPV-6 was major a genotype, which was found in 64.8% of the HR and LR types.…”

A meta‐analysis of human papillomavirus prevalence and types among Iranian women with normal cervical cytology, premalignant lesions, and cervical cancer

“…A list of included studies is shown in Table 1. The HPV prevalence and genotypes were investigated in 10,081 women with normal cervical cytology, [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] there were 158 women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) or atypia, 27,32,[34][35][36][37] | 4651 neoplasia I (CIN I), 27,32,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] 183 women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or CIN II-III, 32,[35][36][37][38][39][40]43 and 1111 women with invasive cervical cancer (ICC). 19,23,29,32,[35][36]…”

The Frequency and Typing of Human Papilloma Virus Among Women with Normal and Abnormal Cytology in Southern Khorasan, Eastern Iran

“…Today, it has been proved that the etiologic cause of cervical cancer is the human papilloma virus (HPV) (3); a double stranded DNA virus belonging to the Papillomaviridae family with more than 100 types (4). Human papilloma virus include high risk types (16,18,31,33,35,39,45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68, 73, and 82) and low risk (6,11,40,42,43,44,54,61,70,72,81, and CP6108); types 26,53, and 66 are classified as potential high risk, which can be transmitted via sexual contact (5).…”

“…Human papilloma virus types 6 and 11 are common low risk types that mostly lead to benign lesions such as common warts and low grade pre-malignancies (6). Furthermore these types can cause to anogenital warts and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.…”