The Prevalence of Alcohol-Involved Homicide Offending

Kuhns, Joseph B.; Exum, M. Lyn; Clodfelter, Tammatha A.; Bottía, Martha Cecilia

doi:10.1177/1088767913493629

Cited by 62 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Reductions were largest in Asian and European countries, but rates of deaths due to interpersonal violence in Latin America and southern sub-Saharan Africa remained quite high. Interpersonal violence can often be mitigated or reduced by addressing underlying drivers or risks, such as the accessibility of weapons and use of alcohol and psychoactive drugs 136, 137, 138, 139. In 2015, self-harm was the second-leading cause of death from injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Wang¹,

Naghavi²,

Allen³

et al. 2016

The Lancet

5,327

3,004

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SummaryBackgroundImproving survival and extending the longevity of life for all populations requires timely, robust evidence on local mortality levels and trends. The Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study (GBD 2015) provides a comprehensive assessment of all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2015. These results informed an in-depth investigation of observed and expected mortality patterns based on sociodemographic measures.MethodsWe estimated all-cause mortality by age, sex, geography, and year using an improved analytical approach originally developed for GBD 2013 and GBD 2010. Improvements included refinements to the estimation of child and adult mortality and corresponding uncertainty, parameter selection for under-5 mortality synthesis by spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, and sibling history data processing. We also expanded the database of vital registration, survey, and census data to 14 294 geography–year datapoints. For GBD 2015, eight causes, including Ebola virus disease, were added to the previous GBD cause list for mortality. We used six modelling approaches to assess cause-specific mortality, with the Cause of Death Ensemble Model (CODEm) generating estimates for most causes. We used a series of novel analyses to systematically quantify the drivers of trends in mortality across geographies. First, we assessed observed and expected levels and trends of cause-specific mortality as they relate to the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary indicator derived from measures of income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. Second, we examined factors affecting total mortality patterns through a series of counterfactual scenarios, testing the magnitude by which population growth, population age structures, and epidemiological changes contributed to shifts in mortality. Finally, we attributed changes in life expectancy to changes in cause of death. We documented each step of the GBD 2015 estimation processes, as well as data sources, in accordance with Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER).FindingsGlobally, life expectancy from birth increased from 61·7 years (95% uncertainty interval 61·4–61·9) in 1980 to 71·8 years (71·5–72·2) in 2015. Several countries in sub-Saharan Africa had very large gains in life expectancy from 2005 to 2015, rebounding from an era of exceedingly high loss of life due to HIV/AIDS. At the same time, many geographies saw life expectancy stagnate or decline, particularly for men and in countries with rising mortality from war or interpersonal violence. From 2005 to 2015, male life expectancy in Syria dropped by 11·3 years (3·7–17·4), to 62·6 years (56·5–70·2). Total deaths increased by 4·1% (2·6–5·6) from 2005 to 2015, rising to 55·8 million (54·9 million to 56·6 million) in 2015, but age-standardised death rates fell by 17·0% (15·8–18·1) during this time, underscoring changes in population growth and shifts in global age structures. The result was similar for non-com...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Wang¹,

Naghavi²,

Allen³

et al. 2016

The Lancet

5,327

3,004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The causal association between alcohol and violence is unequivocal (Tomlinson et al, 2016), whereas a causal association has not been firmly established in the case of illicit substances ). Several theories have been put forth to explain the relationship between alcohol and aggression: (i) the disinhibition model, which hypothesizes that inhibiting processes in the frontal cortex are directly weakened by ethanol; (ii) the expectancy model, which states that an individual's learned beliefs about alcohol mainly underlie aggression; and last, (iii) the indirect causal model, which highlights the complexity of the alcoholaggression relationship by acknowledging moderating factors such as emotional and situational cues (Kuhns, Exum, Clodfelter, & Bottia, 2013). In their comprehensive review, Tomlinson and co-workers (2016) summarize the current body of knowledge regarding the use of recreational substances and human aggression.…”

Section: Substance Misuse In Relation To Violence and Homicidementioning

confidence: 99%

Intra- and extra-familial child homicide in Sweden 1992–2012: A population-based study

Hedlund

Masterman

Sturup

2016

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine

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“…The calculation and interpretation of the proportion of victims sharing particular characteristics and the demography of offenders is common within 'Homicide Studies' (see, for example Kuhns et al, 2014). There are also a number of other statistical methods available that might help identify naturally occurring groupings or clusters in data, with 'clustering' essentially being where groups are formed so that members of the same group are similar to one another but that one group is sufficiently different to the other.…”

Section: The Analysis Of Homicidementioning

confidence: 99%

Child homicide: generating victim and suspect risk profiles

Roach

Bryant

2015

Journal of Criminal Psychology

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Purpose -In England and Wales, on average one child every week is a victim of homicide. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether different victim risk profiles and suspect variables can be differentiated for specific victim ages.Design/methodology/approach -This paper presents a preliminary analysis of more than 1000 child homicides committed in England and Wales between 1996 and 2013, from data provided through the Homicide Index. Statistical techniques such as cluster analysis were used to identify specific victim risk profiles and to analyse suspect variables according to the age of victim. Findings -The findings present a clearer picture of the risk-age relationship in child homicide, whereby several specific risk profiles are identified for specific child ages, comprised of crime variables including; likely victim and suspect demographics, the most likely circumstances of the homicide and methods of killing. Using similar techniques, a number of tentative clusters of suspects implicated in child homicide are also described and analysed, with suggestions of further analysis that might prove of value.Originality and value -Although the statistical level of risk has been linked with the age of a child (with younger children being most vulnerable to killing by a parent or step-parent and older children most vulnerable to killing by acquaintances and strangers), extant research is yet to progress beyond the identification of broad age-risk categories. The paper concludes with a discussion of the likely implications for those charged with reducing and investigating child homicide and outlines the possibility of future research.

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The Prevalence of Alcohol-Involved Homicide Offending

Cited by 62 publications

References 55 publications

Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Intra- and extra-familial child homicide in Sweden 1992–2012: A population-based study

Child homicide: generating victim and suspect risk profiles

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