The prevalence of refractive errors among Saudi adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Almudhaiyan, Tariq; Alhamzah, Albanderi; AlShareef, Mozon; Alrasheed, Ahmed; Jaffar, Rabia; Alluhidan, Adel; Al-Hazazi, Mohammed; Aldebasi, Tariq

doi:10.4103/1319-4534.301297

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Compared with studies conducted in Asia, our percentages were slightly lower than those estimated by the Nagahama Study in Japan, with a prevalence of myopia in adults aged 34 to 80 years of 49.97% 21 , while in adults aged 20-40 years in Saudi Arabia, there was a reported prevalence of 48.7% 22 , both with a SE ≤ -0.50 D as the definition of myopia. In Europe, there was an estimation of an overall prevalence of 30.6% in adults aged 25 to 89 years according to a meta-analysis that included 15 studies conducted in various countries 23 .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

Frequency of myopia in adults in Mexico City: results of a visual health campaign

Milán-Castillo¹,

Domínguez-Dueñas²,

Molina-Lespron³

2021

RMOE

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Purpose: To estimate the frequency of myopia in an adult population in Mexico City. Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study. The spherical equivalent of the right eye was calculated from the refraction without cycloplegia obtained with an auto kerato-refractometer in patients examined during an ophthalmic health campaign carried out at the Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra" from January to March 2018. Results: We found a frequency of myopia of 45.21% with a cut-off value of ≤ -0.5 diopters of spherical equivalent in the 449 participants. Of these, 39.43% had mild myopia > -6.00 diopters, and 5.79% had high myopia ≤ -6.00 diopters of spherical equivalent. On the other hand, only 4 of the 449 examined patients had clinical signs of pathological myopia, making up 0.8% of the total sample. Of the remaining participants, 28.73% were classified as emmetropic and 26.05% as hyperopic, with a spherical equivalent ≥ 0.50 diopters. Conclusions: The frequency of myopia observed in our study is high and similar to that informed in previous reports in Mexican children and young adults, just as in some nations in Asia where myopia is a public health problem.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

Frequency of myopia in adults in Mexico City: results of a visual health campaign

Milán-Castillo¹,

Domínguez-Dueñas²,

Molina-Lespron³

2021

RMOE

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“…In this study, contrary to the results of previous studies in north and northeastern Iran (14,21,23) and similar to the study conducted in central Iran (22), the prevalence of myopia was higher than hyperopia (25.7%). Several studies in Myanmar (51%), Japan (41.8%), and Saudi Arabia (48.7%) reported that the prevalence of myopia in people aged 40 and over was higher than in the present study (13,24,25). However, most conceptually similar studies to date have reported an equal or lower prevalence of myopia.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Prevalence of Refractive Errors and Associated Factors in the Population of the Eye Cohort Study in Southeast Iran

Shahraki,

Tahkor,

Shahraki Sanavi

et al. 2023

Health Scope

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Objectives: The study aims to determine the age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of refractive errors and its related factors among the adult population of southeastern Iran. Methods: The current study included 9280 individuals aged 35 to 70 years using a multistage random sample method from October 2015 to January 2019 as a part of a Persian cohort study in Zahedan. Uncorrected and corrected vision, objective noncycloplegic, and subjective refraction were measured, with all participants undergoing ophthalmoscopy, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, fundoscopy, refraction, and retinoscopy. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0 statistic software and described as percentage, odds ratio, and 95% confidence interval. Comparisons between groups and relationships among risk factors and refractive errors were performed with chi-square, nominal, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of low and moderate myopia, high myopia, low and moderate hyperopia, high hyperopia, low and moderate astigmatism, and high astigmatism was 24.2 (95% CI: 22.40 - 25.90), 1.5(95% CI: 0.00 - 3.53), 16.1(95% CI: 14.20 - 17.90), 1.3(95% CI: 0.00 - 3.30), 35.6 (95% CI: 33.90 - 37.30), and 3.8 (95% CI: 1.80 - 5.70) percent, respectively. The prevalence of refractive errors significantly varied across different age groups overall and by sex (P = 0.01). The proportion of refractive errors also significantly differed by education (P = < 0.001). The prevalence of against the rule, with the rule, and oblique astigmatism was 32.8 % (95% CI: 31.10 - 34.20), 42.1% (40.50 - 43.60), and 24.9% (23.10 - 26.60), respectively. The risk of astigmatism was significantly lower in men than in women (OR = 0.75; 95 % CI: 0.60 - 0.90). Based on multiple regression, the risk of myopia (OR = 2.07; 95 % CI: 1.60 - 2.60) and hyperopia (OR = 25.38; 95 % CI: 18.70 - 34.3) was higher in the age group 65 to 75 years compared to the younger group. Conclusions: The present study provided valuable information on the prevalence of refractive errors in the adult population in south-eastern Iran. The findings underscore the need for comprehensive eye care services, particularly for older individuals and those with lower education levels. Further prospective research is warranted to explore the factors contributing to refractive errors and to develop effective strategies for its prevention and management.

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“…Despite the significant increase in myopia prevalence worldwide, the prevalence varies across populations of different regions and ethnicities. In Saudi Arabia, studies reported a myopia prevalence of 49% among adults in the Riyadh region [6] , and a similar prevalence was reported in adults in the eastern region of the country [7] . Few cross-sectional studies examined the prevalence of myopia among children in Saudi Arabia and found that the prevalence of uncorrected myopia varied between 4% and 6% [8][9] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Perspectives and clinical practices of optometrists in Saudi Arabia concerning myopia in children

Alanazi¹,

Badawood²,

Kudam³

et al. 2023

Int J Ophthalmol

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AIM: To investigate the practice patterns of optometrists in Saudi Arabia regarding myopia management. METHODS: An internet-based survey was distributed to all practicing optometrists in Saudi Arabia (n=1886). The survey contained questions related to 1) demographics, 2) knowledge about myopia and its associated complications, 3) current clinical care, 4) type and frequency of myopia treatment prescribed, and 5) potential barriers limiting treatment adoption. RESULTS: The completed surveys were collected from 171 optometrists (9.06% response rate, 60% male). Knowledge regarding myopia-associated complications was prevalent but somewhat inaccurate among the respondents. Cycloplegic refraction at initial visit was used by 59% of the respondents. The cover test was the most reported binocular vision test (83%), and 38% of optometrists did not perform any ocular biometrics. Two-thirds prescribed single-vision spectacles for children with myopia. Increased time spent outdoors was selected by 80% of the practitioners who prescribed myopia control treatment as the primary approach. Insufficient support and lack of clinical experience in providing myopia treatment were reported as the most important factors limiting the adoption of myopia management strategies. CONCLUSION: The current optometric practices in Saudi Arabia require further investigation. Optometrists appear to be somewhat aware of myopia and the associated risks. However, most evidence-based myopia treatments are not being locally adopted, primarily because of lack of support, lack of experience, and limited availability.

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The prevalence of refractive errors among Saudi adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Frequency of myopia in adults in Mexico City: results of a visual health campaign

Frequency of myopia in adults in Mexico City: results of a visual health campaign

Prevalence of Refractive Errors and Associated Factors in the Population of the Eye Cohort Study in Southeast Iran

Perspectives and clinical practices of optometrists in Saudi Arabia concerning myopia in children

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