The Prevalence of Refractive Errors and its Determinants in the Elderly Population of Mashhad, Iran

Yekta, Abbasali; Fotouhi, Akbar; Khabazkhoob, Mehdi; Hashemi, Hassan; Ostadimoghaddam, Hadi; Heravian, Javad; Mehravaran, Shiva

doi:10.1080/09286580902863049

Cited by 41 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…9,10,14 Overall, the prevalence of hyperopia in Shahroud is quite close to that seen in the eastern Asian region ( Table 3). According to the findings in Tehran and Mashhad, 6,23 we expected to see a 50% rate for hyperopia; nonetheless, results were far from our expectations. Part of our observations concerning myopia and hyperopia can be attributed to genetic differences.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

“…Reports on the intergender differences in the prevalence of myopia are inconclusive. 4,7,8,23 Because many studies have reported greater axial lengths for men, 32-39 we expected a higher prevalence of myopia among men. Nonetheless, lack of intergender differences has been reported in studies from Australia, 40 Handan, 28 and Taiwan, 30 whereas studies in Singapore, 8 Beijing, 29 Norway, 41 and America 10 reported higher prevalence rates of myopia for women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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High Prevalence of Myopia in an Adult Population, Shahroud, Iran

Hashemi¹,

Khabazkhoob²,

Jafarzadehpur³

et al. 2012

Optometry and Vision Science

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The prevalence of myopia was unexpectedly higher than that found in other parts of the Middle East. The prevalence of hyperopia was lower than that previously reported in Iran. Education correlated directly with myopia and inversely with hyperopia; however, nuclear cataract was the most important risk factor for myopia. Adjusted for other variables, the prevalence of hyperopia still increased with age.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

High Prevalence of Myopia in an Adult Population, Shahroud, Iran

Hashemi¹,

Khabazkhoob²,

Jafarzadehpur³

et al. 2012

Optometry and Vision Science

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“…The prevalence of astigmatism, myopia, and hyperopia, has been reported in numerous studies worldwide 12345. Similar to myopia, astigmatism is influenced by genetic and ethnic actors and its prevalence has been reported from 30% among old people in Myanmar to 77% in Indonesia 6789.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The prevalence of astigmatism and its determinants in a rural population of Iran: The "Nooravaran Salamat" mobile eye clinic experience

Hashemi

Rezvan

Yekta

et al. 2014

Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol

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Purpose:The prevalence of astigmatism, and the astigmatic axis, and their determinants were evaluated in a rural population of Iran.Materials and Methods:In a cross-sectional study conducted from May to August 2011, 13 villages in the vicinity of the city of Khaf in northeast Iran were investigated in this study. All the examinations including visual acuity, refraction, slit-lamp biomicroscopy and fundoscopy were performed in a Mobile Eye Clinic. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Only phakic eye that could be reliably refracted without a previous history of ocular surgery were included.Results:Out of 2635 participants who were screened, 2124 were analysed for this study of whom 52% were female. The prevalence of astigmatism was 32.2% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 30.2-34.2). Astigmatism significantly increased from 14.3% in the under 15-year-old age group to 67.2% in the age group of over 65-years old (P < 0.001). The prevalence of With-The-Rule (WTR), Against-The-Rule (ATR), and oblique astigmatism was 11.7%, 18.1%, and 2.4 %, respectively. ATR significantly increased with age (P < 0.001). The mean corneal astigmatism was 0.73 D which linearly increased with age (P < 0.001).Conclusion:Attention must be paid to astigmatism in rural areas due to the high prevalence. Further studies are suggested to discover the role of the environmental and genetic factors. It seems that environmental and occupational factors in the villages cause a significant increase in the prevalence of astigmatism with age. A high percentage of participants had ATR astigmatism, which was more common at older ages.

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“…Similar results have been reported in some regions such as the Middle East and South America. Table 1 summarises myopia prevalences of middle-aged groups in different areas [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. Those studies revealed a relatively higher morbidity of myopia in some East Asian countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Axial Length of Myopia: A Review of Current Research

Wang

Butterworth²,

Malecaze³

et al. 2010

Ophthalmologica

180

135

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Myopia, or nearsightedness, is a worldwide common type of refractive error. It is a non-life-threatening disorder with huge social and economic consequences due to its increasing prevalence. Axial length (AL) is the primary determinant of non-syndromic myopia. It is a parameter representing the combination of anterior chamber depth, lens thickness and vitreous chamber depth of the eye. AL can also be treated as an endophenotype of myopia and may provide extra advantages in the investigation of its genetic basis. The study of AL will not only identify the determinants of eye elongation, but also provide aetiological evidence for myopia. The purpose of this review is to outline the current state of AL research. Epidemiological evidence, genetic determinants, the relationship with other eye components and relative animal models of AL are summarised.

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The Prevalence of Refractive Errors and its Determinants in the Elderly Population of Mashhad, Iran

Cited by 41 publications

References 22 publications

High Prevalence of Myopia in an Adult Population, Shahroud, Iran

High Prevalence of Myopia in an Adult Population, Shahroud, Iran

The prevalence of astigmatism and its determinants in a rural population of Iran: The "Nooravaran Salamat" mobile eye clinic experience

Axial Length of Myopia: A Review of Current Research

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