The prevalence of Restless Legs Syndrome/Willis-ekbom disease (RLS/WED) in the third trimester of pregnancy: a systematic review

Darvishi, Niloofar; Daneshkhah, Alireza; Khaledi-Paveh, Behnam; Vaisi-Raygani, Asad; Mohammadi, Masoud; Salari, Nader; Darvishi, Fateme; Abdi, Alireza; Jalali, Rostam

doi:10.1186/s12883-020-01709-0

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Pregnancy is one of the most crucial and critical stages in a woman’s life. It brings tremendous changes in women’s physiological, psychological and social life [ 1 , 8 ]. Around 2/3 of pregnant women consider their sleep pattern has become abnormal [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence of insomnia in the third trimester of pregnancy

Salari

Darvishi

Khaledi-Paveh

et al. 2021

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background Sleep disorders, which are among the foremost important medical care issues, are prevalent in pregnancy. The present study is a meta-analysis of the prevalence of insomnia in the third trimester of pregnancy. This study aims to systematically review the overall prevalence of insomnia in the third trimester of pregnancy through conducting a meta-analysis. Method The literature used in this meta-analysis for the topic discussed above were obtained through searching several databases, including SID, MagIran, IranDoc, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science (WoS), PubMed Science Direct and Google Scholar databases without time limitation until December 2020. Articles developed based on cross-sectional studies were included in the study. The heterogeneity of studies was investigated using the I2 index. Also, the possible effects of heterogeneity in the studied studies are investigated using meta-regression analysis. Result In 10 articles and 8798 participants aged between11–40, the overall prevalence of insomnia in the third trimester of pregnancy based on meta-analysis was 42.4% (95% CI: 32.9–52.5%). It was reported that as the sample size increases, the prevalence of insomnia in the third trimester of pregnancy increases. Conversely, as the year of research increases, the prevalence of insomnia in the third trimester of pregnancy decreases. Both of these differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Insomnia was highly prevalent in the last trimester of pregnancy. Sleep disorders are neglected among pregnant women, and they are considered natural. While sleep disturbances can cause mental and physical problems in pregnant women, they can consequently cause problems for the fetus. As a result, maintaining the physical and mental health of pregnant mothers is very important. It is thus recommended that in addition to having regular visits during pregnancy, pregnant women should also be continuously monitored for sleep-related disorders.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence of insomnia in the third trimester of pregnancy

Salari

Darvishi

Khaledi-Paveh

et al. 2021

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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“…Restless leg syndrome has its pathogenesis in brain, and reduced brain iron and alterations in CNS dopaminergic systems are believed to play a part. [10][11][12] The central role of brain iron deficiency in pathogenesis is supported by several lines of evidence, such as association of iron deficiency with an increased prevalence of RLS, 13 relationship of lower serum ferritin levels with increased severity of RLS, 14 association of RLS with other iron-deficient states such as pregnancy, 15 chronic kidney disease, 16 chronic liver disease, 4 and symptomatic relief with the use of iron supplements. 17 Iron homeostasis is organ-specific, and people may have iron deficiency in the brain even in presence of normal 18 or increased serum iron levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short course of low‐dose pregabalin is effective for the treatment of restless leg syndrome in patients with cirrhosis: A pilot study

Mundada

Goel

Paliwal

et al. 2022

J of Gastro and Hepatol

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Background and Aim: Restless leg syndrome (RLS) is common in patients with cirrhosis, but its treatment in such patients remains unclear. This pilot study assessed the clinical effectiveness of intravenous iron and a 6-week course of low-dose (75 mg/day) pregabalin for the treatment of RLS in patients with cirrhosis. Methods: It was a prospective, interventional study that included adult patients with cirrhosis and RLS. The participants underwent serum ferritin measurement. Patients with low serum ferritin (< 75 μg/dL) were treated with intravenous iron. Those with normal ferritin levels and those with low levels whose RLS symptoms failed to respond to iron replacement were treated with oral pregabalin, initially 75 mg/day for 6 weeks, followed by 150 mg/day for 6 weeks if there was no response. Recurrence of symptoms was assessed at 6-12 weeks after stopping pregabalin. Results: Of the 50 patients (male patients 52%; median age 48 [interquartile range: 21-65] years; median Child-Pugh-Turcotte score 8 [5-13] and median Model for End-Stage Liver disease score 17 [12-20]) studied, 29 (58%) had low ferritin; of them, 14 (48%) responded to intravenous iron alone. Eleven of 15 (38%) patients with low ferritin and nonresponse to iron, and 16 of 21 (76%) with normal ferritin levels had a response with low-dose pregabalin. Of the nine nonresponders who received 150 mg/day of pregabalin, four had to discontinue it because of adverse effects. Conclusion: A short course of low-dose (75 mg/day) pregabalin was effective (82%) in alleviating RLS in patients with cirrhosis. (CTRI/2019/02/017642).

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“…RLS has a higher prevalence among women than men ( Manconi et al, 2012 ). Hormonal differences between men and women are unlikely to account for this difference ( Ghorayeb et al, 2008 ) but might, instead, be partly due to pregnancy ( Pantaleo et al, 2010 ), as a high prevalence of RLS occurs during the third trimester of pregnancy ( Darvishi et al, 2020 ). Furthermore, even though RLS regularly resolves upon delivery, women who develop RLS symptoms during pregnancy are, compared to nulliparous women, up to four times more susceptible to developing RLS later in life ( Cesnik et al, 2010 ; Earley et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Rls Risk Factors Triggering Factors and Pathophysiological M...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Consensus guidelines on the construct validity of rodent models of restless legs syndrome

Salminen

Clemens

Garcı́a-Borreguero³

et al. 2022

Disease Models &Amp; Mechanisms

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Our understanding of the causes and natural course of restless legs syndrome (RLS) is incomplete. The lack of objective diagnostic biomarkers remains a challenge for clinical research and for the development of valid animal models. As a task force of preclinical and clinical scientists, we have previously defined face validity parameters for rodent models of RLS. In this article, we establish new guidelines for the construct validity of RLS rodent models. To do so, we first determined and agreed on the risk, and triggering factors and pathophysiological mechanisms that influence RLS expressivity. We then selected 20 items considered to have sufficient support in the literature, which we grouped by sex and genetic factors, iron-related mechanisms, electrophysiological mechanisms, dopaminergic mechanisms, exposure to medications active in the central nervous system, and others. These factors and biological mechanisms were then translated into rodent bioequivalents deemed to be most appropriate for a rodent model of RLS. We also identified parameters by which to assess and quantify these bioequivalents. Investigating these factors, both individually and in combination, will help to identify their specific roles in the expression of rodent RLS-like phenotypes, which should provide significant translational implications for the diagnosis and treatment of RLS.

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The prevalence of Restless Legs Syndrome/Willis-ekbom disease (RLS/WED) in the third trimester of pregnancy: a systematic review

Cited by 33 publications

References 27 publications

A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence of insomnia in the third trimester of pregnancy

A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence of insomnia in the third trimester of pregnancy

Short course of low‐dose pregabalin is effective for the treatment of restless leg syndrome in patients with cirrhosis: A pilot study

Consensus guidelines on the construct validity of rodent models of restless legs syndrome

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