The Preventive and Therapeutic Potential of the Flavonoids in Liver Cirrhosis: Current and Future Perspectives

Abstract

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may vary from moderately mild non‐alcohol fatty liver (NAFL) towards the malignant variant known as non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is marked by fatty liver inflammation and may progress to liver cirrhosis (LC), liver cancer, fibrosis, or liver failure. Flavonoids can protect the liver from toxins through their anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anti‐cancer, and antifibrogenic pharmacological activities. Furthermore, flavonoids protect against LC by regulation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) trans‐differentiation, inhibiting growth factors like TGF‐β and platelets‐derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF), viral infections like hepatitis‐B, C and D viruses (HBV, HCV & HDV), autoimmune‐induced, alcohol‐induced, metabolic disorder‐induced, causing by apoptosis, and regulating MAPK pathways. These flavonoids may be explored in the future as a therapeutic solution for hepatic diseases.

Silibinin Prevents TGFβ-Induced EMT of RPE in Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy by Inhibiting Stat3 and Smad3 Phosphorylation

“… 19 Silibinin possesses various biological properties, such as antifibrosis, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiangiogenic, and pro-apoptotic capabilities. 10 , 20 Among these properties, its antifibrosis activities have been well studied. For instance, silibinin has been shown to inhibit liver fibrosis, 11 cigarette-induced pulmonary fibrosis, 21 and high-fat diet-induced renal fibrosis.…”

Biological Role and Related Natural Products of SIRT1 in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

“…Thus, it can alleviate the occurrence and development of various chronic liver diseases and their complications, such as hepatitis and cirrhosis. 110 , 111 Previous studies have shown that several natural flavonoids can improve NAFLD by activating SIRT1.…”

Exploring the effectiveness of flavone derivatives for treating liver diseases: Utilizing DFT, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics techniques

“…Recent studies have shown that flavonoids, which are highly pharmacologically active compounds, possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties and may be particularly beneficial in treating various liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] . Additionally, flavonoids exhibit anticarcinogenic, antiviral, and immune stimulation properties [7 , [8] , [9] , [10] . In a recent in vivo study, Xi Le and his team found that the flavonoid quercetin can improve liver inflammation and fibrosis by activating and polarizing hepatic macrophages in BALB/c mice [11] .…”