The problem of toxicity equivalent factors in developing alternative methods to animal bioassays for marine-toxin detection

Botana, Luís M.; Vilariño, Natalia; Alfonso, Amparo; Vale, Carmen; Louzao, Carmen; Elliott, Christopher T.; Campbell, Katrina; Botana, Ana M.

doi:10.1016/j.trac.2010.09.004

Cited by 41 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Mouse toxicology studies have reported LD 50 's via i.p. injection with saxitoxins ranging from 1 to 10 mg saxitoxin/kg bw (summarized Chorus and Bartram, 1999;Deeds et al, 2008;Botana et al, 2010). Saxitoxin analogue toxicity has been reported to range from equivalent to less than 1% compared to the toxicity of saxitoxin (Wiese et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanotoxins in inland lakes of the United States: Occurrence and potential recreational health risks in the EPA National Lakes Assessment 2007

et al. 2016

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanotoxins in inland lakes of the United States: Occurrence and potential recreational health risks in the EPA National Lakes Assessment 2007

et al. 2016

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“…However, no information on the number of CBA, the number of rejected assays, or the intra-laboratory variability was provided in this study. Therefore, a larger study combining the toxic effects of different toxins on relevant target cell types and including both standard operating procedures and rigorous raw data validation is still missing [6,25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collaborative study for the detection of toxic compounds in shellfish extracts using cell-based assays. Part I: screening strategy and pre-validation study with lipophilic marine toxins

et al. 2012

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Human poisoning due to consumption of seafood contaminated with phycotoxins is a worldwide problem, and routine monitoring programs have been implemented in various countries to protect human consumers. Following successive episodes of unexplained shellfish toxicity since 2005 in the Arcachon Bay on the French Atlantic coast, a national research program was set up to investigate these atypical toxic events. Part of this program was devoted to fit-for-purpose cell-based assays (CBA) as complementary tools to collect toxicity data on atypical positive-mouse bioassay shellfish extracts. A collaborative study involving five laboratories was conducted. The responses of human hepatic (HepG2), human intestinal (Caco2), and mouse neuronal (Neuro2a) cell lines exposed to three known lipophilic phycotoxins-okadaic acid (OA), azaspiracid-1 (AZA1), and pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2)-were investigated. A screening strategy composed of standard operating procedures and a decision tree for dose-response modeling and assay validation were designed after a round of "trial-and-error" process. For each toxin, the shape of the concentration-response curves and the IC(50) values were determined on the three cell lines. Whereas OA induced a similar response irrespective of the cell line (complete sigmoid), PTX2 was shown to be less toxic. AZA1 induced cytotoxicity only on HepG2 and Neuro2a, but not on Caco2. Intra- and inter-laboratory coefficients of variation of cell responses were large, with mean values ranging from 35 to 54 % and from 37 to 48 %, respectively. Investigating the responses of the selected cell lines to well-known toxins is the first step supporting the use of CBA among the panel of methods for characterizing atypical shellfish toxicity. Considering these successful results, the CBA strategy will be further applied to extracts of negative, spiked, and naturally contaminated shellfish tissues.

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“…As discussed previously [171,184], the comparative oral toxicities of these compounds should be determined using approved methods and with certified standards. While it is assumed that the effects of the various congeners within a toxin group are additive, there is presently no information to support such an assumption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment of Shellfish Toxins

Munday

Reeve

2013

Toxins

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Complex secondary metabolites, some of which are highly toxic to mammals, are produced by many marine organisms. Some of these organisms are important food sources for marine animals and, when ingested, the toxins that they produce may be absorbed and stored in the tissues of the predators, which then become toxic to animals higher up the food chain. This is a particular problem with shellfish, and many cases of poisoning are reported in shellfish consumers each year. At present, there is no practicable means of preventing uptake of the toxins by shellfish or of removing them after harvesting. Assessment of the risk posed by such toxins is therefore required in order to determine levels that are unlikely to cause adverse effects in humans and to permit the establishment of regulatory limits in shellfish for human consumption. In the present review, the basic principles of risk assessment are described, and the progress made toward robust risk assessment of seafood toxins is discussed. While good progress has been made, it is clear that further toxicological studies are required before this goal is fully achieved.

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The problem of toxicity equivalent factors in developing alternative methods to animal bioassays for marine-toxin detection

Cited by 41 publications

References 76 publications

Cyanotoxins in inland lakes of the United States: Occurrence and potential recreational health risks in the EPA National Lakes Assessment 2007

Cyanotoxins in inland lakes of the United States: Occurrence and potential recreational health risks in the EPA National Lakes Assessment 2007

Collaborative study for the detection of toxic compounds in shellfish extracts using cell-based assays. Part I: screening strategy and pre-validation study with lipophilic marine toxins

Risk Assessment of Shellfish Toxins

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