The progress in our understanding of CIN in breast cancer research

Abstract

Chromosomal instability (CIN) is an important marker of cancer, which is closely related to tumorigenesis, disease progression, treatment efficacy, and patient prognosis. However, due to the limitations of the currently available detection methods, its exact clinical significance remains unknown. Previous studies have demonstrated that 89% of invasive breast cancer cases possess CIN, suggesting that it has potential application in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we describe the two main types of CIN and discuss the associated detection methods. Subsequently, we highlight the impact of CIN in breast cancer development and progression and describe how it can influence treatment and prognosis. The goal of this review is to provide a reference on its mechanism for researchers and clinicians.

Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic applications of huaier in breast cancer treatment

“…Conventional treatment for breast cancer includes surgical resection, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and targeted therapy (Waks and Winer, 2019). Although the prognosis for breast cancer is getting better with the continuous development of medical technology (Fridrichova and Zmetakova, 2019;Guo et al, 2023;Liao and Cao, 2023), recurrence and metastasis remain major challenges because microscopic metastatic lesions may still be present following treatment of the primary lesion and may grow over time, eventually leading to recurrence and metastasis. Furthermore, drug resistance commonly occurs because of the high variability and compensatory adaptation mechanisms of cancer cells, leading to treatment failure (Garcia-Martinez et al, 2021).…”

Valproic Acid Treatment Enhances Chromosome Flexibility and Electron Transport in MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells

“…Also, as per recent data, VPA has significant inhibitory effects on tumor progression in ER-positive BC cell types than others 16 . Interestingly, multiple studies have revealed a higher prevalence of Chromosomal Instability (CIN) in metastatic breast cancer compared to primary breast cancer 25 . This suggests a strong association between CIN and the process of metastasis.…”