The Proto-Numic Kinship System

What Is ‘Kariera’? Detecting Systems and Overlap in Australian Kinship Using the AustKin Database

“…Radcliffe‐Brown had stressed the ‘two lines’ found in the grandkin arrangements with cross and parallel distinguished. Hage ( e.g ., Hage et al ) emphasized alternating generation equivalence between grandkin and grandchildren found among the Kariera and stated as secondary criteria for the ‘Kariera system’ in Radcliffe‐Brown's typology. We show that alternating generation equivalence is a pattern independent of Kariera and should not be included in the definition of Kariera.…”

Mobility and Ancient Society in Asia and the Americas

“…Some casual probing shows that reconstructions of Proto-Dene-Eyak, Proto-Alongquian, Proto-Numic, and Proto-Mayan kin terminologies, for example, all featured cross-parallel distinctions mapping cross relatives as affi nes in Dravidian or Kariera form (Hage 2003 ;Hage et al 2004 ;Hockett 1964 ;Ives 1990 ;Krauss n.d./ 1977 ;Wheeler 1982 ). Thus, one could argue that in roughly the mid-Holocene, such kin systems were quite widespread in North America; it is likely their more ancient antecedents would have had related structural properties.…”