The PTCR effect in BaTiO3 ceramics modified by donor dopant

Electrical properties and ageing characteristics of BaTiO3 ceramics doped by single dopants

“…This electron capturing process should respond the PTCR effect. 9 So the PTCR effect of the ceramics is depended on the concentrations of electrons and the barium vacancies. Because of the combination of oxidation/reduction reaction processes, the number of conduction electrons will be more than in samples with only oxidation, resulting in a maximum resistivity lower than before ageing.…”

The Fabrication of Porous Barium Titanate Ceramics via Pore-Forming Agents (PFAs) for Thermistor and Sensor Applications

“…3.4), the capturing of a free electron by neutral barium vacancy at the grain boundary during ferroelectric phase transition would respond for the PTCR effect (Qi, 2002).…”

Ferroelectric ceramics I. – Theoretical background, materials and properties

“…A vezetés mechanizmusa minden esetben vegyérték-váltásra vezethető vissza, amit a titánionnak többféle oxidációs fokon való jelenléte tesz lehetővé [5,6,8]. A cériummal adalékolt bárium-titanát esetében például:…”