The pulsed arc cluster ion source (PACIS)

Siekmann, H.; Lüder, Ch.; Faehrmann, J.; Lutz, H. O.; Meiwes‐Broer, Karl‐Heinz

doi:10.1007/bf01544026

Cited by 129 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A number of early experiments with stretched pulses [20] was performed using the PACIS source [29] to generate the cluster beam. Alternatively, in the present work clusters are produced by a continuously working magnetron sputtering source.…”

Section: Source Development and Target Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of Highly Charged and Energetic Ions From the Interaction of Strong Laser Pulses with Coinage Metal Clusters

Radcliffe

Döppner

Schumacher

et al. 2005

Contrib. Plasma Phys.

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Plasmon-enhanced ionization of free coinage metal clusters is studied under intense laser field conditions. The charging and the subsequent Coulomb explosion results in huge recoil energies of the atomic fragment ions. In a charge-resolved measurement it is found that the maximum kinetic energy scales roughly linear with the charge state. The ionization efficiency could strongly be enhanced when the pulse structure is adapted to the expansion dynamics of the cluster Coulomb explosion. Irradiation with stretched laser pulses as well as with dual pulses show that atomic charge states up to Cu 10+ , Ag 15+ and Au 15+ are generated whenever the plasmon mode of the cluster can be successfully excited. The charging enhancement when using dual pulses gives evidence that continuous heating is not necessary in order to get maximum energy absorption.

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Section: Source Development and Target Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of Highly Charged and Energetic Ions From the Interaction of Strong Laser Pulses with Coinage Metal Clusters

Radcliffe

Döppner

Schumacher

et al. 2005

Contrib. Plasma Phys.

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“…In the PACIS, two metal rods are mounted opposite to each other in a ceramic block. A pulsed arc discharge produces a plasma which is flushed by a carrier gas pulse through a nozzle into high vacuum [36]. In both sources no additional ionizing agent is needed to charge the clusters…”

Section: Instrumentation For Photoelectron Spectroscopy On Clusters Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The basic idea of the pulsed arc cluster ion source (PACIS) is the replacement of the vaporizing laser by a pulsed high-current arc between two electrodes in a pulse of carrier gas which flushes the nascent plasma through a channel and conical nozzle into high vacuum [36]. Figure 4, right-hand side, shows the setup of the source, the heart of which consists of a ceramic block containing two cylindrical electrodes with a spacing of about 1 mm.…”

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confidence: 99%

Electronic properties of free and supported metal clusters studied by photoelectron spectroscopy

Meiwes‐Broer

1992

Appl. Phys. A

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Abstract. The electronic properties of free and supported metal clusters are studied by photoelectron spectroscopy. Experimental as well as theoretical results clearly demonstrate a dramatic dependence of the level structure on the cluster size. By this an interesting way might be opened to modify the electronic, optical and chemical properties of surfaces. 36.40.+d; 79.60.-i; 82.65.-i Optical and electronic properties of materials may change upon reduction of their sizes. This phenomenon is wellknown in the study of, e.g., thin films where the electrical conductivity is influenced by the confinement of the charge carriers to two dimensions. A three-dimensional confinement to a few A in diameter will induce discrete energy levels. Figure 1 schematically sketches the change in the density of states upon a reduction of the dimensionality. For the very small sizes, experimental and theoretical evidence suggests a picture of the valence electrons (e.g., in an alkali cluster) as a system of Fermi particles, being quantized in a mean field made up by the positive atomic cores. The order and spacing of the levels depends on the geometry of the confining volume as well as the details of the effective potential seen by the electrons. Such "quantum size effects" are well-known from, e.g., nuclear physics. They also play an important role in the transition regime between atom and solid-state physics [1,2]. PACS:Semiconductor quantum devices (e.g., ballistic transistors) are already used to tune electronic properties. The potential scope of these new devices gives rise to hope that simple binary switches might be replaced by complex multiswitches. As building blocks in integrated circuits they could lead to a dramatic increase of the frequency of logic steps as well as to a further decrease of the system size [3]. Metal quantum devices, on the other hand, would need even further reduced distances (~ 10 A compared to about 150 A for the case of semiconductors).Gas-phase metal clusters are well suited to model such confined systems: Early evidence has come, in particular,

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“…Here, one goal is to test a pulsed arc cluster-ion source (PACIS) [26][27][28] for its suitability for deposition experiments. This source has previously been used for such experiments [29], but no quantitative values for the obtained intensities have been given yet.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PACIS [26][27][28] is basically similar to the laser vaporization source, but the material is vaporized by a pulsed electric arc. It was first developed as a pulsed cluster-ion source for laser spectroscopy experiments on free clusters [26].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deposition of mass-selected cluster ions using a pulsed arc cluster-ion source

Klipp

Grass

Müller

et al. 2001

Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing

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Abstract.A PACIS (pulsed arc cluster-ion source) developed for high average cluster-ion currents is presented. The performance of the PACIS at different operational modes is described, and the suitability for cluster-deposition experiments is discussed in comparison with other cluster-ion sources. Maximum currents of mass-selected cluster ions of 3-6 nA of small Si The preparation of nanostructures on surfaces is one of the major tasks in technology and basic research. Applications of nanostructured surfaces are abundant and cover a wide range from heterogeneous catalysis to high-density computer memories. From the point of view of basic research, many of the properties of small three-dimensional nanostructures and two-dimensional islands on surfaces are not well understood yet. For example, there is no systematic study of the size-dependence of the electronic structure of clusters of simple metals on surfaces, although free clusters of such metals show strong variations depending on the number of delocalized electrons [1]. Concerning the chemical properties, there are first results on the size-dependence of the catalytic properties of small clusters on inert substrates [2], but there are only very few systematic studies yet (see below). The kind of research focussing on the electronic and chemical properties of monodispersed small clusters on surfaces is only at its beginning. The reason is that it is difficult to deposit clusters with a perfectly monodispersed size distribution on a surface.

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The pulsed arc cluster ion source (PACIS)

Cited by 129 publications

References 9 publications

Generation of Highly Charged and Energetic Ions From the Interaction of Strong Laser Pulses with Coinage Metal Clusters

Generation of Highly Charged and Energetic Ions From the Interaction of Strong Laser Pulses with Coinage Metal Clusters

Electronic properties of free and supported metal clusters studied by photoelectron spectroscopy

Deposition of mass-selected cluster ions using a pulsed arc cluster-ion source

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