The Quest for White Spaces in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Kamiba, Isaac Kabuya; Kasonga, Patrick; Mauwa, Hope; Bagula, Antoine

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-16042-5_20

“…In [194], IEEE 802.22 was found as a suitable solution for providing connectivity to rural areas in Zimbabwe. Similar conclusions were reached in [195] concerning the use of TVWS for the Democratic Republic of Congo. In addition, tests on the feasibility of IEEE 802.22 for rural connectivity have been performed in several African countries [196], including Malawi [376].…”

Section: Other Countriessupporting

confidence: 79%

“…1) IEEE 802.22 and IEEE 802.11af: The IEEE 802.22 wireless regional area network (WRAN) standard based on using CR technology to transmit on under-utilized TVWS is investigated in several references as a solution to the rural connectivity problem[189][190][191][192][193][194][195][196][197]. It uses unlicensed spectrum, and provides a wide coverage area, typically 30 Km radius and can be extended to IEEE 802.22 uses orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA)[189].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity—Connecting the Base of the Pyramid: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

Yaacoub

¹

,

Alouini

²

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Providing connectivity to around half of the world population living in rural or underprivileged areas is a tremendous challenge, but also a unique opportunity. Access to the internet would provide the population living in these areas a possibility to progress on the educational, health, environment, and business levels. In this paper, a survey of technologies for providing connectivity to rural areas, and that can help address this challenge, is provided. Although access/fronthaul and backhaul techniques are discussed in the paper, it is noted that the major limitation for providing connectivity to rural and underprivileged areas is the cost of backhaul deployment. In addition, energy requirements and cost efficiency of the studied technologies are analyzed. In fact, the challenges faced for deploying an electricity network, as a prerequisite for deploying communication networks, are huge in these areas and they are granted an important share of the discussions in this paper. Furthermore, typical application scenarios in rural areas are discussed, and several country-specific use cases are surveyed. The main

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“…The IEEE 802.22 WRAN standard based on using CR technology to transmit on under-utilized TVWS is investigated in several references as a solution to the rural connectivity problem [168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176]. It uses unlicensed spectrum, and provides a wide coverage area, typically 30 Km radius and can be extended to 100 Km [173,177].…”

Section: Tv White Space (Tvws)/ Cognitive Radio (Cr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Technology Fronthaul/Backhaul [30][31][32] Fiber (GPON) Backhaul [33] Fiber (RoF) Backhaul [39] FSO Backhaul (Terrestrial) [40,41] FSO Backhaul (Satellite) [77,[122][123][124][125][126] WiFi Multihop Fronthaul [118,137,138] WiMAX Multihop Fronthaul [317] WiFi/GPRS Fronthaul (WiFi)/Backhaul (GPRS) [11] WiFi mesh/VSAT Fronthaul (WiFi)/Backhaul (VSAT) [132][133][134][135][136] WiFi mesh (WiBACK) Backhaul [168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176][177][178] TVWS Fronthaul [149,150,[152][153][154][155][156][159][160][161][162] Delay Tolerant Networks (mostly using WiFi) Fronthaul [166] Power Line Communications Fronthaul [92] 2G SMS F...…”

Section: Refmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity - Connecting the Remaining 4 Billions: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

Yaacoub¹,

Alouini²

2019

Preprint

4

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Providing connectivity to around half of the World population living in rural or underprivileged areas is a tremendous challenge, but also a unique opportunity. In this paper, a survey of technologies for providing connectivity to rural areas, and that can help address this challenge, is provided. Fronthaul and backhaul techniques are discussed. In addition, energy and cost efficiency of the studied technologies are analyzed. Typical application scenarios in rural areas are discussed, and several country-specific use cases are surveyed. Directions for future evolution of rural connectivity are outlined.

show abstract

“…1) IEEE 802.22 and IEEE 802.11af: The IEEE 802.22 wireless regional area network (WRAN) standard based on using CR technology to transmit on under-utilized TVWS is investigated in several references as a solution to the rural connectivity problem[189][190][191][192][193][194][195][196][197]. It uses unlicensed spectrum, and provides a wide coverage area, typically 30 Km radius and can be extended to 100 Km[194,198].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity - Connecting the Base of the Pyramid: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

Yaacoub¹,

Alouini²

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Providing connectivity to around half of the world population living in rural or underprivileged areas is a tremendous challenge, but also a unique opportunity. Access to the internet would provide the population living in these areas a possibility to progress on the educational, health, environment, and business levels. In this paper, a survey of technologies for providing connectivity to rural areas, and that can help address this challenge, is provided. Although access/fronthaul and backhaul techniques are discussed in the paper, it is noted that the major limitation for providing connectivity to rural and underprivileged areas is the cost of backhaul deployment. In addition, energy requirements and cost efficiency of the studied technologies are analyzed. In fact, the challenges faced for deploying an electricity network, as a prerequisite for deploying communication networks, are huge in these areas and they are granted an important share of the discussions in this paper. Furthermore, typical application scenarios in rural areas are discussed, and several country-specific use cases are surveyed. The main initiatives by key international players aiming to provide rural connectivity are also described. Moreover, directions for future evolution of rural connectivity are outlined in the paper. Although there is no single solution that can solve all rural connectivity problems, building gradually on the current achievements in order to reach ubiquitous connectivity, while taking into account the particularities of each region and tailoring the solution accordingly, seems to be the most suitable path to follow.

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The Quest for White Spaces in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity—Connecting the Base of the Pyramid: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity—Connecting the Base of the Pyramid: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity - Connecting the Remaining 4 Billions: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity - Connecting the Base of the Pyramid: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

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