The Quest for Zero Loss: Unconventional Materials for Plasmonics

Cortie, Michael B.; Arnold, Matthew D.; Keast, V. J.

doi:10.1002/adma.201904532

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 90 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…A monotonic shift of the threshold wavelength for the interband transition, signified by the abrupt drop of ε 2 (see Figure a), is observed in the Ag–Au alloy with increasing Au content, resulting from the fact that these metals form a solid solution regardless of their concentration. [ 62 ] This monotonic shift has also been observed by Kadkhodazadeh et al. in an independent study.…”

Section: Optical Properties Of Metal Alloyssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…A monotonic shift of the threshold wavelength for the interband transition, signified by the abrupt drop of ε 2 (see Figure 3a), is observed in the Ag-Au alloy with increasing Au content, resulting from the fact that these metals form a solid solution regardless of their concentration. [62] This mono tonic shift has also been observed by Kadkhodazadeh et al in an independent study. [43] By contrast, Au-Cu alloys present a nonmonotonic variation in ε 2 (see Figure 3b) due to the pres ence of nonuniform small grains that enhance light scattering and absorption.…”

Section: Experimental Determination Of Dielectric Functionssupporting

confidence: 77%

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Emergent Opportunities with Metallic Alloys: From Material Design to Optical Devices

Gong

Lyu

Palm

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

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devices is the fact that their dielectric function (i.e., permittivity, ε = ε 1 + iε 2) is predefined. Thus, several research groups, including ours, have recently merged two almost orthogonal fields, photo nics, and metallurgy, to pursue metallic materials with arbitrary permit tivity. [1-5] Alloying is now a burgeoning framework for achieving materials with engineered optical properties, encom passing both nanostructures and thin films, as will be surveyed in this Review. Plasmonics exploits the interaction of incident electromagnetic fields with the col lective motion of free electrons (plasmons) in metals. This phenomenon confines the electromagnetic fields in close vicinity of the metal interfaces, dramatically enhancing the electrical field intensity surrounding the material. [6-8] Plasmons can be divided into two categories: surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) that propagate along the metal and dielectric interface, and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) that are confined in a subwavelength nanostructure. For the latter, their optical scattering or absorp tion (and/or the nearby dielectrics and semiconductors) can be significantly increased. As a result, these enhancement effects are the underpinnings to a range of novel optical processes, and have found countless applications in photovoltaics, [9-11] photo catalysis, [12-14] bio and chemicalsensing, [15,16] electrooptical modu lation, [17,18] and superabsorbers. [19-21] As expected, the features of either type of plasmon are strongly dependent upon the dielectric function of the material, which is somewhat fixed in metals. Concerning materials, coinage metals, such as Au, Ag, or Cu, are widely used in photonics due to their abundant free electrons and chemical stability. [1] Other noble metals including Metallic nanostructures and thin films are fundamental building blocks for next-generation nanophotonics. Yet, the fixed permittivity of pure metals often imposes limitations on the materials employed and/or on device performance. Alternatively, metallic mixtures, or alloys, represent a promising pathway to tailor the optical and electrical properties of devices, enabling further control of the electromagnetic spectrum. In this Review, a survey of recent advances in photonics and plasmonics achieved using metal alloys is presented. An overview of the primary fabrication methods to obtain subwavelength alloyed nanostructures is provided, followed by an in-depth analysis of experimental and theoretical studies of their optical properties, including their correlation with band structure. The broad landscape of optical devices that can benefit from metallic materials with engineered permittivity is also discussed, spanning from superabsorbers and hydrogen sensors to photovoltaics and hot electron devices. This Review concludes with an outlook of potential research directions that would benefit from the on demand optical properties of metallic mixtures, leading to new optoelectronic materials and device opportunities.

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Section: Optical Properties Of Metal Alloyssupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Experimental Determination Of Dielectric Functionssupporting

confidence: 77%

Emergent Opportunities with Metallic Alloys: From Material Design to Optical Devices

Gong

Lyu

Palm

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…Linear-optical transmission and reflection experiments, 2 however, revealed no spectral features for the different arrays that significantly deviate from the bare silicon substrate. This may be due to the low optical conductivity [50] of permalloy [51,52] and thus, high damping factors for any type of plasmonic resonance. In addition, silicon as substrate material exhibits a high refractive index that significantly red-shifts, damps and broadens electromagnetic resonances [53,54].…”

Section: Summary and Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Effects in Artificial Magneto-Toroidal Crystals

Lehmann

2021

Toroidal Order in Magnetic Metamaterials

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Both, linear magneto-optical effecfts [1-3], as introduced in Sect. 3.2.2, and the anomalous Hall effect [4] are based on the violation of time-reversal symmetry that manifests in a coupling to electromagnetic fields by energy-state shifts due to spin-orbit interaction. As a consequence, the material under consideration exhibits an anisotropic response to electromagnetic fields that relates to the direction of magnetic-field-induced or spontaneously-aligned magnetic moments, see Sect. 3.2.2. In contrast, the absence of point symmetries may allow for apparently similar macroscopic effects such as an optical birefringence or an optical activity. However, those effects are based on electric-field-induced or inherent crystal-field anisotropies with respect to atom-or ion-side symmetries in, e.g., a polar or chiral material. A combination of these two symmetry constraints with different microscopic origin results in a variety of optical effects, namely the magnetochiral effect (MChE) that arises in a chiral medium with broken time-reversal symmetry and an optical magnetoelectric effect (OME) in a polar medium with broken time reversal symmetry. More precisely, the OME can be understood as a combined Pockels and Voigt effect, both inducing linear birefringence. As a consequence, the origin of the effect does not have to be an intrinsic material property such as in a polar magnetic matter, but can be induced by applied electric and magnetic fields [5]. Both OME and MChE have in common that they manifest themselves in non-reciprocal directional-dependent material responses, associated for example with the sign of the light's propagation vector in optical experiments [6][7][8][9][10][11]. The OME is typically probed as a change of optical absorption (α) upon a sign change of the light's wave-vector component k i . In a polar magnetic material, for example, the sign of the effect depends on the sign of the triple product of the light's wave vector ( k) and the sample's polarisation ( P) and magnetisation ( M) as α α ∝ k • ( P × M). This difference is typically very small ( 1 %), because of the small magnitude of the microscopic source for the effect. The origin can be an optical interference between electric-and magnetic-dipole transitions, which usually have different resonance frequencies and oscillator strengths. Yet, if the two amplitudes corresponding to the resonances can be matched by the

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“…Plasmonics is based on studying the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon as the quality of the plasmon resonance is closely related to the structure and properties of the materials [1]. Its implementation in analytical technologies, as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), plasmonenhanced fluorescence (PEF) and surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy (SEIRA), for detection of chemicals and biological species, is important for various fields of life sciences, such as medical diagnostics, food control and security [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical properties of nanostructured bimetallic films from the Ag-In and Ag-Sb systems and their surface-enhanced fluorescence application

Katrova

Hristova-Vasileva

Atanasova

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The possibility for tuned excitation of surface plasmon resonance in Ag-In and Ag-Sb films with different compositions and thicknesses was studied in terms of preparation and microstructural and optical properties. The analyses show that plasmon excitation can be achieved both by changing the thickness of the deposited bimetallic films and by varying their composition. The imaginary ε'' part of the complex permittivity of the thin films has a maximum due to the transverse oscillations of free electrons in the range of 1 eV to 3.5 eV. The films’ applicability as amplifying substrates in surface-enhanced fluorescence was tested. Tryptophan and Cu (II)-phthalocyanine (CuPc) dye were used to analyze the efficiency of the localized surface plasmon resonance excitation in the ultraviolet spectral region. Amplification enhancing coefficient of 4.17 times was obtained in the case of CuPc dye.

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The Quest for Zero Loss: Unconventional Materials for Plasmonics

Cited by 26 publications

References 90 publications

Emergent Opportunities with Metallic Alloys: From Material Design to Optical Devices

Emergent Opportunities with Metallic Alloys: From Material Design to Optical Devices

Optical Effects in Artificial Magneto-Toroidal Crystals

Optical properties of nanostructured bimetallic films from the Ag-In and Ag-Sb systems and their surface-enhanced fluorescence application

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