The radiation transfer through coated and tinted glazing

Pfrommer, P.; Lomas, Kevin J.; Seale, C.; Kupke, Christian

doi:10.1016/0038-092x(94)00132-w

Cited by 43 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Besides strong SnO 2 peaks from the substrate, peaks from crystalline substrate [25]. The porosity, P, of the films was estimated using the relation [26] ( )( )…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical characterization of TiO2 blocking layers prepared by reactive DC magnetron sputtering

Waita

Aduda

Mwabora

et al. 2009

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

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This is an author produced version of a paper published in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. This paper has been peer-reviewed but does not include the final publisher proof-corrections or journal pagination. AbstractThin TiO 2 (anatase) films were prepared by reactive DC magnetron sputtering and characterized in detail. Specifically, they were tested as compact blocking underlayers in dye-sensitized solar cells. Elastic recoil detection analysis and optical measurement showed some porosity in the sputtered films, but electrochemical measurements demonstrated good blocking characteristics. This suggests the presence of small voids rather than pinholes in the deposited films. In the case of an iodide/iodine redox couple, thin underlayers (~20 nm) improved the fill factor without affecting other properties of 1 the cell. In case of a ferrocene / ferrocenium-based electrolyte, the presence of underlayers was necessary to obtain functional dye-sensitized solar cells.

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“…Besides strong SnO 2 peaks from the substrate, peaks from crystalline substrate [25]. The porosity, P, of the films was estimated using the relation [26] ( )( )…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical characterization of TiO2 blocking layers prepared by reactive DC magnetron sputtering

Waita

Aduda

Mwabora

et al. 2009

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

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show abstract

“…Within the most frequent definition (Harbecke 1986, Pfrommer 1995) the transfer matrix ( ) relates external ( -front) and internal ( -back) irradiance ( ) and radiosity ( ) as ( , ) = ( , ) , where superscript t indicates the transpose matrix. Solar irradiance incidence defines the external side of the glazing.…”

Section: Summary Of the Model (Operational Aspects)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The propagation of solar radiation through complex optical systems with planoparallel optical interfaces has been previously studied by Baenas and Machado (2009), with a basis on the classical transfer matrix methods (Harbecke 1986, Maestre 2000, Pfrommer et al 1995, Van Nijnatten 1994. The physical description is based on irradiance -incoming energy flux -and radiosity -outcoming energy flux -under the approximation of incoherent superposition of radiation waves, due to the fact that radiation wavelengths are negligible with respect to thickness in the case of glass substrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical model for multilayer glazing systems: Application to laminated glass and photovoltaic modules

Baenas

Machado

2016

Solar Energy

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This article provides theoretical developments broadening the scope of previous optical simulation models for multilayer glazing systems. The applicability of existing models will be extended through additional characterization of the multilayer optical components from global spectrophotometric (UV-Vis-NIR) measurements. A more complete interlayer film characterization, including reflectivity in the film-glass interface, will be provided. Singular solutions of the related equation systems will be derived for situations involving components with very low or null transmissivity. As a contribution to the fundamentals of the formalism, the condition relating the symmetry of the transmittance of the system with the symmetry of the transmissivity of its optical components will be studied. Finally, with the extension for the calculation of energy fluxes through the components of a multilayer system, analytical expressions for the components absorptivity will be derived. These results are particularly useful to quantify differences in energy absorption of the constituents of a laminated glass, as a tool to define, from the glazing design phase, the thermal and mechanical processing needed for each glazing component. Additionally, the model provides a procedure for the calculation of the absorptivity of encapsulated photovoltaic cells, which is directly related to cell efficiency in each particular configuration.

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“…Glazing energy models are based on different methods. Examples of these are the matrix method (Pfrommer et al, 1995;Harbecke, 1986;van Nijnatten, 1994), the ray tracing method (Rubin, 1982;Howell et al, 2010) or the net energy balance method (Edwards, 1977;Siegel, 1973;Shurcliff, 1974;Wijeysundera, 1975;Walton, 1986). These methodologies were extended and validated experimentally in a photovoltaic glazing (Baenas and Machado, 2016;Machado et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral problem for water flow glazings

Romero

Hernández

2017

Energy and Buildings

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Water flow glazings are characterized by a water chamber which transports the absorbed solar energy in the glazing. A multilayer water flow glazing comprises glass layers, PVB (Polyvinyl Butyral) layers, coatings, air gaps, and a water layer. Heat absorption from solar radiation depends on the spectral properties of each layer. Energy performance is governed by the optical and radiative properties of the layers. The refractive index and the extinction coefficient define the optical properties of a layer. The optical properties of the water layer are known from the scientific literature (Hale and Querry, 1973). Transmittance and reflectance for every wavelength are measurements supplied by manufacturers and are readily available from the International Glazing Database (IGDB) as a function of wavelength at normal incidence. In this work, a net energy balance radiation model similar to Siegel (1973) is used to solve the spectral problem. A matrix difference equation for a vector of dimension two with boundary conditions is stated to obtain the absorptances of each layer and each interface. The inputs of this set of equations are the transmissivity of each layer, and the transmittance and reflectances of each interface which are based on the refractive index and the extinction coefficient. When these values are not known, an inverse problem is solved to obtain the refractive index and the extinction coefficient of each layer for every wavelength from transmittance and reflectance measurements of the IGDB. For coatings, another inverse problem is formulated to obtain the properties of the coated interface using also transmittance and reflectance measurements of the coated glass pane and the substrate. The outputs of this work are the wavelength-averaged absorptances of each layer, which determine the fractions of the impinging radiation which is absorbed in each layer. The results constitute the inputs of the thermal problem of a water flow glazing.

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The radiation transfer through coated and tinted glazing

Cited by 43 publications

References 4 publications

Electrochemical characterization of TiO2 blocking layers prepared by reactive DC magnetron sputtering

Electrochemical characterization of TiO2 blocking layers prepared by reactive DC magnetron sputtering

Optical model for multilayer glazing systems: Application to laminated glass and photovoltaic modules

Spectral problem for water flow glazings

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