The Rainwater Management Strategy in Kunming Area

Abstract

Based on the meteorological data, Kunming located in the subtropical plateau monsoon climate area, is proved to have clear dry and wet seasons with aboundant precipitation.The light and heavy rain have a great influence on surface runoff.The average annual evaporation is more than the precipitation which results in the soil drought and water shortage every year.According to the measured data of different vegetation configurations in green spaces,it shows that the main soil type in Kunming is light clay soil, and that under the condition of steady infiltration, the cumulative infiltration is more than one year return period precipitation but less than twenty year return period precipitation.By analyzing the efficiency of rain interception by vegetation, it shows that vegetation have obvious effects on delaying flood peak runoff and increasing soil moisture content.Using the Small Storm Event Hydrological Model and Water Balance Formulation to analyse rainfall, runoff, infiltration and evaporation synthetically,the law of runoff can be figured out. Four rainwater management strategies are put forward on based on the above:Simulate nature to make the land work.Manage rainwater in the split-flow way and utilize different green spaces to intercept rainwater from the Source.Implement the suitable practical rainwater management technology with LID in Kunming. Combine engineering and artful design in management.

A Review of Village Ecosystem Structure and Stability: Implications for the Karst Desertification Control

“…Through regulating external energy input, landscape patterns can be changed to make them more suitable for human survival [52]. Village landscape is not only a landscape type [53] but also a combination of human disturbance characteristics and natural ecological structure established on the basis Land 2023, 12, 1136 6 of 18 of natural landscape [54]. The landscape is a spatial-heterogeneous area [53], with patch size, straight corridors, high or low connectivity and more diverse substrates, which together constitute a rich and diverse landscape pattern (Figure 3) [55,56].…”

“…Village landscape is not only a landscape type [53] but also a combination of human disturbance characteristics and natural ecological structure established on the basis Land 2023, 12, 1136 6 of 18 of natural landscape [54]. The landscape is a spatial-heterogeneous area [53], with patch size, straight corridors, high or low connectivity and more diverse substrates, which together constitute a rich and diverse landscape pattern (Figure 3) [55,56]. Heterogeneity is closely related to anti-interference ability, resilience, system stability and biodiversity [57,58].…”

“…The species and species richness in the fringe of patches and substrates are different from those in the interior. The wider the fringe is, the more beneficial it is to protect the internal ecosystem [53]. The complexity and stability of the spatial structure reflect the characteristics of the village patches.…”

“…Other researchers have shown that there are different species and species richness at the edges of patches and substrates at ecosystem junctions than in the interior. The wider the edge zone, the more beneficial it is to protect the internal ecosystem, and the stronger the anti-risk ability of the system is, in other words, the stronger the stability of the ecosystem [53]. In the unregulated village boundaries, the more complex the ecosystem structure, the greater the landscape fragmentation degree and the lower the boundary stability, but the stronger the stability of the ecosystem within each village (Figure 4).…”