The Rebellious Century

Tilly, Charles; Tilly, Louise A.; Tilly, Richard

doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674434004

Cited by 548 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…As she has shown, social revolutions are typically triggered by a political crisis that weakens the control on the population exercised by the political system. Similarly, the analysis of a century of collective violence in France, Germany and Italy by Tilly et al (1975) has indicated that the rhythm of collective violence did not so much depend on structural transformations of society, but was rather directly linked to shifts in the struggle for political power. More recently, the political context has also been shown to be of considerable importance for the mobilisation and the impact of different types of new social movement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These hypotheses will be tested using data on protest events, collected in a comparative project on the development of NSMs in these four countries in the period from 1975 to 1989. Following the lead of others (Kriesi et al, 1981;McAdam, 1983;Tarrow, 1989;Tilly et al, 1975), we have collected systematic data on protest events on the basis of a contents analysis of newspaper^. organised, sustained, self-conscious challenge to existing authorities or other political actors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

New social movements and political opportunities in Western Europe

Kriesi

Koopmans

Duyvendak

et al. 1992

European J Political Res

326

177

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. We present a number of concepts and hypotheses concerning the impact of the political opportunity structure on the mobilisation pattern of new social movements in Western Europe. The hypotheses refer to the general level of mobilisation in a given country, the general forms and strategies of action employed, the system level at which mobilisation is typically oriented and the development of the level of mobilisation across time. The hypotheses are tested in a comparative analysis of France, Germany, the Netherlands and Switzerland. The analysis reveals countryspecific variations in the mobilisation patterns of new social movements, which are largely in line with the theoretical expectations and serve to confirm the relevance of the political process approach for the study of social movements.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New social movements and political opportunities in Western Europe

Kriesi

Koopmans

Duyvendak

et al. 1992

European J Political Res

326

177

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Major elections which are closely contested often provide the setting for such mobilization and thus, collective violence should be located around these particular election periods. Tilly's research, especially in France, does show some support for his power struggles theory (Snyder and Tilly 1972;Tilly, Tilly, and Tilly 1975 (1982) describes as "cognitive liberation" that allows social movement members to legitimize their demands in their own eyes, and thus makes them feel more justified to act. Klandermans (1984) also includes under these social psychological variables the expectation that others will get involved in the social movement and their estimation of the probability of success if they become active in protest activities.…”

Section: Participants (Hirsch 1990) In Part This Psychological Aspementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major thrust of Tilly's "power struggles" theory (see Snyder and Tilly 1972;Tilly 1978;Tilly, Tilly, and Tilly 1975) is that collective action and collective violence are the result of groups with conflicting interests mobilized by political crisis or the possibility of achieving demands during power changes. Major elections which are closely contested often provide the setting for such mobilization and thus, collective violence should be located around these particular election periods.…”

Section: Participants (Hirsch 1990) In Part This Psychological Aspementioning

confidence: 99%

Lower Class Insurgency and the Political Process: The Response of the U.S. Unemployed, 1890-1940

Kerbo

Shaffer

1992

Social Problems

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper examines the level of protest activity by the unemployed in the United States between 1890 and 1940 as a test of the value of a political process model for explaining social movement activity. Data on protest events and elite attitudes towards the unemployed were collected from newspaper articles. Voting behavior was used as an indicator of contested elections and unemployment levels were reflected by available indicators. Consistent with previous research on lower-and working-class mobilization, a change in the political environment was key to the extensive protest by the unemployed in the 1930s. Toward the end of the 1920s, and especially in the early 1930s, elites were no longer simply making public statements about the problem of unemployment, but were also discussing the need for aid programs. In the context of this new political environment, elections were once again contested in the 1930s, and extensive protest began in 1930, even before unemployment hit its high point in 1933. Thus, it was not simply deprivation, but the changed political environment which legitimized the issue of unemployment and created prospects for reform, which in turn helped produce the massive protest of the 1930s.The primary goal of the research reported in this paper is to further understanding of the development, and lack of development, of protest by the unemployed in the United States between 1890 and 1940. The focus is on resource mobilization, and more specifically, on a political process perspective on the development of social movements, and the interaction between political environment and deprivation in the mobilization of social movement activities.We examine a specific condition (unemployment) likely to produce hardship, presuming that unemployment creates hardship for the vast majority of the unemployed. It could, of course, be argued that the pain of unemployment is eased somewhat in agricultural settings, or through the provision of extensive welfare benefits. For the period 1890 to 1940, however, neither of these factors had much effect on the impact of unemployment. By the 1890s, most of the labor force was urban (U.S. Bureau of Census 1975), and the best historical descriptions of unemployment during this time period do not credit welfare support or food resources from private lands as significant factors in reducing the impact of unemployment (Feder 1936; Garraty 1978.) Our approach overcomes some limitations of past research which typically focused on all collective action events in a specified time period, often involving diverse issues and interest groups (Kerbo and Shaffer 1986; Snyder 1975:275; Tilly 1984). We examine a specific source of hardship affecting a segment of the population which can be followed over an extended time period in order to understand the changing parameters associated with collective action.' * Correspondence to: Kerbo, Social Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407.1. In previous work we have argued for the use of "group an...

show abstract

“…Cultures were grown at the permissive temperature of 16°C to about lo5 adult nematodes/plate. Purified by a sedimentation or filtration step [17,19], the adult worms were cultured on NGM plates and breeded at 25'C up to 10 days (Sl,-,) and 12 days (S12) with 90 and 50 survival.…”

Section: Organism and Growth Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity Patterns of Aminoacyl‐tRNA Synthetases, tRNA Methylases, Arginyltransferase and Tubulin: Tyrosine Ligase during Development and Ageing of Caenorhabditis elegans

Gabius

Graupner

Cramer

1983

European Journal of Biochemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As a step in the characterization of development and ageing in the nematode Caenorliahditis ekqpzs, the activities of different groups of enzymes that supposedly exert modulating functions in and after protein synthesis have been determined. From embryonic (E), the four juvenile larval stages (L1-L4) and the gravid adult (A, A+), the selection of defined developmeiital stages extends to two different preparations of aged nematodes (Sl,-,, S12). Some aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activities remain nearly unchanged in all stages up to the adult, some increase continuously during the larval stages and the remaining activities show stage-specific alterations. Upon ageing all activities except the one for tryptophan decrease sharply. tRNA methylase activities increase from E to L4, decrease from L4 to adult and to aged nematodes with only qualitative alterations in substrate specificity. The activity of tubulin : tyrosine ligase exhibits a parallel pattern, while arginyltransferase activity has a plateau between Lz and L4. The results are consistent with the idea of a modulation of protein synthesis and other cellular processes by quantitative activity changes during development and ageing.Caenorliahditis elegans is becoming widely accepted as a model organism for the study of animal development and behavior [l -31. This soil nematode has a life cycle with four larval stages, L1-L4, in the period between hatching and the adult stage, where the animal feeds and grows not only in size, but also in cell number [4-61. Since the aminoacylation of tRNA by the aininoacyltRNA synthetases is a central step in protein synthesis [7], the activities of the synthetases may have a modulatory and rate-controlling function in protein synthesis. Changes in the degree of modification of tRNA by methylation via tRNA methylases can also exert regulatory functions on protein synthesis [8,9]. Another point of regulatory events are posttranslational modifications of proteins. Arginyltransferase is an enzyme found in the soluble fraction and nucleus of eucaryotic cells and functions by covalently binding arginine from Arg-tRNAArg to either aspartic or glutamic acid at the N terminus of specific acceptor proteins [lo-131. Tyrosine is introduced to the C terminus of the m-chain of tubulin during posttranslational modification by the ribonucleaseinsensitive reaction of tubulin: tyrosine ligase [14-161.As most studies have primarily been concerned with entire populations of nematodes, this study is therefore focussed on a comparison of these different enzymatic activities, influenced by each developmental stage and by environmental conditions. MATERIALS A N D METHODS Organism and Growth ConditionsNematodes of the wild-type Bristol strain, designated Nz, originally obtained by D r S. Brenner (Cambridge, England), were cultured at 20°C monoxenically on NGM plates and different developmental stages were prepared as described [I 7,181. Synchronous populations of Cuenorhahditis &guns were normally started by transferring adult animals to a plate, all...

show abstract

The Rebellious Century

Cited by 548 publications

References 0 publications

New social movements and political opportunities in Western Europe

New social movements and political opportunities in Western Europe

Lower Class Insurgency and the Political Process: The Response of the U.S. Unemployed, 1890-1940

Activity Patterns of Aminoacyl‐tRNA Synthetases, tRNA Methylases, Arginyltransferase and Tubulin: Tyrosine Ligase during Development and Ageing of Caenorhabditis elegans

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About