The redlegged earth mite draft genome provides new insights into pesticide resistance evolution and demography in its invasive Australian range

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BackgroundInvasive Australian populations of redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor (Tucker), are evolving increasing organophosphate resistance. In addition to the canonical ace gene, the target gene of organophosphates, the H. destructor genome contains many radiated ace‐like genes that vary in copy number and amino acid sequence. In this work, we characterise copy number and target‐site mutation variation at the canonical ace and ace‐like genes and test for potential associations with organophosphate insensitivity. This was achieved through comparisons of whole‐genome pool‐seq data from alive and dead mites following organophosphate exposure.ResultsA combination of increased copy number and target‐site mutations at the canonical ace was associated with organophosphate insensitivity in H. destructor. Resistant populations were segregating for G119S, A201S, F331Y at the canonical ace. A subset of populations also had copy numbers of canonical ace > 2, which potentially helps overexpress proteins carrying these target‐site mutations. Haplotypes possessing different copy numbers and target‐site mutations of the canonical ace gene may be under selection across H. destructor populations. We also detected some evidence that increases in copy number of radiated ace‐like genes are associated with organophosphate insensitivity, which might suggest potential roles in sequestration or breakdown of organophosphates.ConclusionDifferent combinations of target‐site mutations and (or) copy number variation in the canonical ace and ace‐like genes may provide non‐convergent ways for H. destructor to respond to organophosphate selection. However, these changes may only play a partial role in organophosphate insensitivity, which appears to have a polygenic architecture. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ace and ace‐like genes of invasive redlegged earth mite: copy number variation, target‐site mutations, and their associations with organophosphate insensitivity

Thia

Umina

Hoffmann

2023

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Point mutations in the voltage‐gated sodium channel gene conferring pyrethroid resistance in China populations of the Dermanyssus gallinae

Wang,

Liu,

Wang

et al. 2024

BACKGROUNDDermanyssus gallinae, the poultry red mite (PRM), is a worldwide ectoparasite posing significant economic challenges in poultry farming. The extensive use of pyrethroids for PRM control has led to the emergence of pyrethroid resistance. The objective of this study is to detect the pyrethroid resistance and explore its associated point mutations in the voltage‐gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene among PRM populations in China.RESULTSSeveral populations of D. gallinae, namely CJF‐1, CJP‐2, CJP‐3, CSD‐4 and CLD‐5, displayed varying degrees of resistance to beta‐cypermethrin compared to a susceptible field population (CBP‐5). Mutations of VGSC gene in populations of PRMs associated with pyrethroid resistance were identified through sequencing its fragments IIS4–IIS5 and IIIS6. The mutations I917V, M918T/L, A924G and L925V were present in multiple populations, while no mutations were found at positions T929, I936, F1534 and F1538.CONCLUSIONThe present study confirmed the presence of extremely high levels of pyrethroid resistance in PRM populations in China, and for the first time detected four pyrethroid resistance mutations in the VGSC gene. Identifying pyrethroid resistance in the field population of PRM in China can be achieved through screening for VGSC gene mutations as an early detection method. Our findings underscore the importance of implementing chemical PRM control strategies based on resistance evidence, while also considering the management of acaricide resistance in the control of PRMs. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

High‐quality reference genome of predatory mite Neoseiulus californicusMcGregor (Acari: Phytoseiidae) provides insights into its biological traits and potential RNAi off‐target effects

Liu,

Zhu,

Guo

et al. 2024

BACKGROUNDNeoseiulus californicus is a predatory mite that can control various spider mites and other small arthropods. Despite its acknowledged effectiveness in the natural enemy market, a crucial knowledge gap exists in understanding the genomic features related to its predatory traits and adaptation. With the increasing emphasis on modern pest management strategies and dynamic environmental changes in plant production trends, constructing a reliable genomic resource for N. californicus becomes imperative.RESULTSIn this study, we provided a high‐quality genome assembly and annotation of N. californicus, with a size of 188.43 Mb and 12 946 predicted genes. We identified genomic features and traits related to its detoxification, stress response, sensory system, mobility, secretory toxins, digestive enzymes and horizontally transferred genes (HGTs) by comparative genomics. We also predicted the potential off‐target effects of double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) that could be used to control spider mites, based on public data and the N. californicus genome.CONCLUSIONOur study provided a valuable genomic resource for a commercialized predatory mite, offering useful insights for the design of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies in the new era. Further studies are needed to explore the functional roles of key gene families in predatory mites, as well as their interactions with their prey and IPM strategies. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.