The reduction in proline buildup in mycorrhizal plants affected by nematodes

Abstract

Plants stressed by pathogens activate a variety of defense mechanisms to survive. The osmoprotector amino acids, including proline, are among these defense mechanisms. In this work, the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plants infested by root-knot nematodes were evaluated with regard to the accumulation of the osmoprotectant proline. A 2x3 factorial design was established with 8 treatmentswith and without nematodes, with and without mycorrhizae, and with and without fertilizer application -with 4 replicates. Two weeks after inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the plants were infested with 4 nematode egg masses, and 8 weeks later, the plants were harvested. The inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi significantly reduced the proline content, with the non-inoculated plants exhibiting a higher concentration. Neither the infestation of the nematodes nor the addition of fertilizer significantly affected the proline content. Plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, number of leaves, and fresh weight were significantly improved by the presence of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The interaction of the fungi and the fertilizer did have a significant effect for height and leaf area. The nematode infestation and the fertilization did not affect mycorrhizal colonization.

Mycorrhizal-Mediated Lower Proline Accumulation in Poncirus trifoliata under Water Deficit Derives from the Integration of Inhibition of Proline Synthesis with Increase of Proline Degradation

“…As a result, plants colonized by AMF with a lower proline accumulation would be less harmed under WD and thus more successfully in avoidance of WD [1] . Similar results were found in the Impatiens balsamina plants infected by nematodes ( Meloidogyne incognita ) and a mixture of eight AMF species [36] . Therefore, the AM plants might not need to synthetize more proline to tolerate soil water deficit.…”

“…Augé and Moore [21] proposed that lower proline accumulation in AM plants was attributed to less injury by WD. It seems that proline accumulation may act as an appropriate indicator to evaluate the AM functioning on drought tolerance of host plants [22] . Further studies are thus needed to understand these discrepancies if a net proline accumulation relates to the activity of proline synthetases and/or catabolic enzymes in AM plants under WD.…”

The Effect of Mycorrhizal Fungal Strains on the Concentrations of Phosphorus and Selected Micronutrients in Tomato Fruit (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i> Mill.)

“…According to Kyriacou and Rouphael [32], tomatoes are a rich source of minerals. In a study by Banuelos et al [33], mycorrhizal inoculation of tomato and carrot plants increased their resistance to nematodes, and the weight of mycorrhizal plants was higher than that of non-mycorrhizal control plants. Schroeder and Janos [34] reported that at low P availability, root inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi had a beneficial influence on DM accumulation in tomato plants and cilantro.…”

Inoculación de hongos solubilizadores de fósforo y micorrizas arbusculares en plantas de jitomate

“…Las cepas utilizadas son nativas de la región, el consorcio de HMA ya había sido probado y demostrado su eficiencia en otros cultivos (Ferrera et al, 2007;Sangabriel-Conde et al, 2010;Bañuelos et al, 2012;Zulueta-Rodríguez et al, 2013;Bañuelos et al, 2014). Por su parte, las cepas A. niger, P. brevicompactum y P. waksmanii también son nativas de la región centro de Veracruz, ya se había demostrado su capacidad como solubilizadoras de fosfato de calcio en condiciones in vitro (Perea, 2019).…”