The Rehousing/Relocation Issue in an Early Slum Clearance Scheme: Edinburgh 1865-1885

Situating Slums in Hegemonic Urban Discourse: A Historiography of English-Language Architecture and Planning Journals

“…Articles from this period deal with the implementation of urban renewal programs in various cities such as St. Louis's prize-winning Pruitt-Igoe housing development 48 (which later came to symbolize the failures of the International Style), 49 Sheffield's renowned Park Hill project, 50 or Chicago's urban renewal program, which was the subject of an opinion piece by Nathaniel Owings, a co-founder of the architectural practice SOM. 51 (1920s-1930s) Proposals for slum clearance and model housing New York (Adams, 1936;Boyd, 1925;Moses, 1942), Britain (Pevsner, 1943;Reiss, 1936), Edinburgh (Smith, 1989(Smith, , 1994, London (Collcutt, 1921;Evans, 1984;Yelling, 1982Yelling, , 1986, Nottingham (Smith et al, 1986), Singapore (Williams, 1937) National scale (Abercrombie, 1935;Yelling, 1988), Liverpool (Keay, 1935(Keay, , 1938, London (Fry, 1937;Knight, 1936;Parker, 1999) 30 USA: creation of Public Works Administration, FHA and USHA; NYCHA National scale (Aronovici, 1934;Bauer, 1938;Moses, 1945), New York (Broun and Muschenheim, 1935) 31 UK: 1947 Town Planning Act National scale (Childs and Whittle, 1956;King, 1956), Leeds (Benson, 1959) Liverpool (Bradbury, 1952), Sheffield (Womersley, 1955) 32 USA: 1949 Urban Redevelopment Act-concept and implementation…”

“…Edinburgh (Smith, 1989), New York (Chronopoulos, 2014;Fred, 1934) 37 Slum clearance policies: critiques (Bauer, 1951;Townroe, 1937;Walton, 1935;Westlake, 1944) 38 Building rehabilitation and remodeling as alternatives to clearance (Hurd, 1930;Lammer, 1955;Lee, 1967;Parkes, 1935;Prentice, 1954;Starr, 1967;Thomas, 1920) 39 (1970s-2000s) Case study descriptions focusing on socio-economic conditions and potentials of community building…”

Civic Communication in Britain

“…There were, however, important differences in the Progressive era. 32 There was now a stronger relationship between the buildings and the environment in which they were placed, so too an emphasis on the civility of the streets and concern that they be adequately and efficiently lit, that numbers using public facilities be recorded (using the frequently advertised patent reliance check) and that citizenship should be demonstrated in public space. Even institutions such as workhouses were externally transformed, so that passers-by might even confuse them with palaces.…”