The relation between CRI, CSR indexes, chemical composition and physical parameters of commercial metallurgical cokes

Lech, Krzysztof; Jursová, Simona; Kobel, Przemysław; Pustějovská, Pavlína; Bilík, Jiří; Figiel, Adam; Romański, L.

doi:10.1080/03019233.2017.1353764

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Whereas pycnometer density ⍴ p was calculated by weighting the sample and measuring the volume of the whole apple cylinders using the same gas pycnometer. The measurement was performed with the use of argon and under 220 kPa (Lech et al, 2019). Both mass and volume were measured and calculated in three repetitions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of filtrated osmotic solutions based on chokeberry juice enriched with mint extract on volatile compounds in dried apples

Masztalerz

Łyczko

Lech

et al. 2021

J Food Process Engineering

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The main objective of the study is to assess the effect of filtration of osmotic solution on the selective penetration during osmotic dehydration and on the retention of volatile compounds, obtained from mint extracts, in apple cylinders cv. Champion after drying using different methods. For this purpose, osmotic dehydration in filtrated and nonfiltrated concentrated chokeberry juice with the addition of mint extract was performed. Then, the process was followed by convective drying, vacuum‐microwave drying, or combined drying methods. Physical properties were determined such as open, closed, total porosity, shrinkage, and water activity. SPME and GC/MS analyses were performed to assess the changes in carvone contribution in the osmotic solutions as well as apple cylinders. Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) was also presented. It was found that even though, filtration did not influence osmotic dehydration kinetics, it led to significantly (p <.05) higher carvone contribution in dried material than in the case of nonfiltrated solutions. Convective drying was significantly (p <.05) better in preserving carvone than other drying methods such as vacuum‐microwave drying and combined drying consisting of convective predrying and vacuum‐microwave finishing drying. Drying methods also affected physical parameters like open and closed porosities. Filtration did not influence drying kinetics but resulted in better retention of carvone in dried apples, especially when convective drying was applied. Practical Applications The study might be of special interest to food processing industry, as it presents new developments (filtration of osmotic solution) in osmotic dehydration that allow to achieve higher contents of volatile compounds (carvone) in dehydrated material after drying compared to conventional osmotic dehydration. The study shows how to work with complex osmotic solutions and obtain high quality dried materials. Obtained results demonstrate that filtration of concentrated juice used as osmotic solution can be applied to affect the selective penetration during osmotic dehydration. Addition of herbal extracts to the osmotic solution can further improve the chemical composition of the dried material and lead to higher contribution of volatile compounds. Osmotic dehydration followed by convective drying results in higher retention of carvone in comparison to other drying methods. The methods presented in the manuscript might be used to create other new compositions with high volatile concentration in the biological material after drying.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Determined densities were used to calculate open ( ε o ), closed ( ε c ), and total porosity ( ε t ) according to the Equations (2), (3), and (4), respectively (Lech et al, 2019):

ε_{t} = 1 - \frac{ρ_{normala}}{ρ_{normalt}} ∙ 100

ε_{o} = 1 - \frac{ρ_{normala}}{ρ_{normalp}} ∙ 100

ε_{c} = ε_{t} - ε_{o}

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of filtrated osmotic solutions based on chokeberry juice enriched with mint extract on volatile compounds in dried apples

Masztalerz

Łyczko

Lech

et al. 2021

J Food Process Engineering

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“…The high cold compressive strength of coke could not guarantee its high CSR. The CSR presents a good negative correlation with the CRI [ 21 , 47 , 48 ]. The factors that affect the CRI of the coke inevitably affect the CSR of coke.…”

Section: Relations Between Coke Structures and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this process, the structures of the coke change significantly [ 18 ]. It is well known that the reactivity [ 19 , 20 ] and the strength of coke [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ] are closely related to its structures. Therefore, it is essential to characterize the coke structures comprehensively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of Characterization Methods for Metallurgical Coke Structures

Zheng

Zhang

et al. 2021

Materials

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The structure of coke affects its reactivity and strength, which directly influences its performance in the blast furnace. This review divides coke structures into chemical structure, physical structure, and optical texture according to their relevant characteristics. The focuses of this review are the current characterization methods and research status of the coke structures. The chemical structures (element composition and functional group) can be characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging technology (13C NMR). The physical structures (pore structure and micro-crystallite structure) can be characterized by image method, X-ray CT imaging technique, mercury intrusion method, nitrogen gas adsorption method, X-ray diffraction method (XRD), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The optical textures are usually divided and counted by a polarizing microscope. In the end, this review provides an idea of the construction of a coke molecular structural model, based on the above characterization. With the coke model, the evolution principles of the coke can be calculated and simulated. Hence, the coke performance can be predicted and optimized.

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“…The relationships among CRI/CSR indexes, chemical composition and physical parameters of cokes were also studied using Czech metallurgical cokes; nevertheless, only five of the calculated relationships were statistically significant. Anyway, the highest correlation coefficients were obtained for the relationship between the pycnometer density of cokes and CSR index (R = 0.925) or CRI index (R = -0.828), which could be used for the prediction of commercial coke quality (Lech et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships among coking and related cokes characteristics a statistical evaluation

Serenčíšová¹

2018

Acta Geodynamica Et Geomaterialia

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From 61 coking coals, 36 coal blends were prepared. Using a pilot coke oven, cokes were prepared from both 61 coking coals (Type I cokes) and 36 coal blends (Type II cokes). Coals were characterized by 14 coal characteristics and cokes by Coke Reactivity Index CRI and Coke Strength after Reaction with CO 2 CSR. For the study of mutual statistic relationships among experimentally determined characteristics of coals and cokes, the Factor (FA) and Regression Analyses (RA) were used. FA distributed characteristics of coals and Type I cokes into 4 factors while characteristics of coal blends and Type II cokes were distributed into 7 factors. In case of pure coals and Type I cokes, strong relationships with high correlation coefficients (R > 0.60 ) were more abundant than in case of coal blends and Type II cokes. FA was used for the selection of coal characteristics that influence the coke quality the most significantly. These characteristics were then recalculated by RA for the predictions of CRI/CSR of Type I cokes. Predictions of CRI/CSR of Type II cokes were calculated from coal blends by the same procedure. The comparison of the predicted and experimentally determined CRI and CSR indexes showed much more reliable prediction of CRI/CSR indexes calculated from coals than calculated from coal blends. This study also explains the dominant reasons of this observation. ARTICLE INFO

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The relation between CRI, CSR indexes, chemical composition and physical parameters of commercial metallurgical cokes

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

The effect of filtrated osmotic solutions based on chokeberry juice enriched with mint extract on volatile compounds in dried apples

The effect of filtrated osmotic solutions based on chokeberry juice enriched with mint extract on volatile compounds in dried apples

A Comprehensive Review of Characterization Methods for Metallurgical Coke Structures

Relationships among coking and related cokes characteristics a statistical evaluation

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