The Relationship between B-Mating-Type Genes and Nuclear Migration inSchizophyllum commune

Raudaskoski, Marjatta

doi:10.1006/fgbi.1998.1069

Cited by 46 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…However, occasionally, more than two nuclei are found within cells of a C. cinereus dikaryon (175a), and other species are known where the homokaryon also possesses clamp cells (225) or where a dikaryon is perfectly formed in the absence of any clamp cells (224,459). Consistent with earlier data obtained with S. commune (427), recent analysis of mutant strains indicates that the actin cytoskeleton and microtubules with ␣ 1 -and ␤ 1 -tubulins play a role both in nuclear migration for dikaryosis and in subsequent nuclear positioning and movements within the established dikaryon (199,209,211,410,464,465).…”

Section: Monokaryons and Dikaryonssupporting

confidence: 64%

“…2), either by hypha-hypha fusion or by fusion of hyphae with germinating or resting oidia (26,75,223). Cellular fusion (anastomosis) may occur between two hyphal tips (tip-to-tip fusion), between a hyphal tip and a lateral hyphal wall (tip-to-side fusion), between a hyphal tip and a lateral swelling of a hypha (tip-to-peg fusion), or between lateral swellings of two neighboring hyphae (peg-to-peg fusion) (59,410,440). Upon fusion, nuclei enter the mycelium of the opposite mating type and, with dissolution of the hyphal septa (69,75,132), migrate through the hyphae until they reach a hyphal tip cell (26,58) (Fig.…”

Section: Monokaryons and Dikaryonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other authors, however, dispute this conclusion. At least directly after hyphal fusion, at the initial stage of nuclear exchange and migration, there are sometimes nonsynchronous (265,409) and often also synchronous mitotic divisions of the two nuclei while they are together in the fusion compartment (410,471). In addition, synchronous nuclear divisions in "migration" hyphae have been visualized by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy FIG.…”

Section: Monokaryons and Dikaryonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dikaryon formation following peg-to-peg fusion of hyphae of two compatible monokaryons. This model has been composed from observations by Buller (59), Iwasa et al (187), and Raudaskoski (410). For a discussion of A and B mating-type control in the process of hyphal fusion and dikaryon formation, see references 79,172,410, and the text.…”

Section: Monokaryons and Dikaryonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a discussion of A and B mating-type control in the process of hyphal fusion and dikaryon formation, see references 79,172,410, and the text. (410). The age of the hyphae strongly influences the rate of nuclear migration (425) and might also have an effect on the mitotic activity of the nuclei in the fusing hyphae (M. Raudaskoski, personal communication).…”

Section: Monokaryons and Dikaryonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Life History and Developmental Processes in the BasidiomyceteCoprinus cinereus

Kües

2000

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

435

336

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SUMMARY Coprinus cinereus has two main types of mycelia, the asexual monokaryon and the sexual dikaryon, formed by fusion of compatible monokaryons. Syngamy (plasmogamy) and karyogamy are spatially and temporally separated, which is typical for basidiomycetous fungi. This property of the dikaryon enables an easy exchange of nuclear partners in further dikaryotic-monokaryotic and dikaryotic-dikaryotic mycelial fusions. Fruiting bodies normally develop on the dikaryon, and the cytological process of fruiting-body development has been described in its principles. Within the specialized basidia, present within the gills of the fruiting bodies, karyogamy occurs in a synchronized manner. It is directly followed by meiosis and by the production of the meiotic basidiospores. The synchrony of karyogamy and meiosis has made the fungus a classical object to study meiotic cytology and recombination. Several genes involved in these processes have been identified. Both monokaryons and dikaryons can form multicellular resting bodies (sclerotia) and different types of mitotic spores, the small uninucleate aerial oidia, and, within submerged mycelium, the large thick-walled chlamydospores. The decision about whether a structure will be formed is made on the basis of environmental signals (light, temperature, humidity, and nutrients). Of the intrinsic factors that control development, the products of the two mating type loci are most important. Mutant complementation and PCR approaches identified further genes which possibly link the two mating-type pathways with each other and with nutritional regulation, for example with the cAMP signaling pathway. Among genes specifically expressed within the fruiting body are those for two galectins, β-galactoside binding lectins that probably act in hyphal aggregation. These genes serve as molecular markers to study development in wild-type and mutant strains. The isolation of genes for potential non-DNA methyltransferases, needed for tissue formation within the fruiting body, promises the discovery of new signaling pathways, possibly involving secondary fungal metabolites.

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Section: Monokaryons and Dikaryonssupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Monokaryons and Dikaryonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Monokaryons and Dikaryonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Monokaryons and Dikaryonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Monokaryons and Dikaryonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Life History and Developmental Processes in the BasidiomyceteCoprinus cinereus

Kües

2000

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

435

336

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Role of peg formation in clamp cell fusion of homobasidiomycete fungi

Badalyan

Polak

Hermann

et al. 2004

J. Basic Microbiol.

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In most filamentous basidiomycetes, clamp cells are found at the septa of dikaryotic mycelia. Clamp cell formation starts at hyphal tip cells with the development of a lateral bulge at a position slightly apical to the future septum. Relative to the growth direction of the hypha, the protrusion expands backwards into a hook-like structure. Next, the two genetically different haploid nuclei within the hyphal tip cell divide. A septum appears between clamp cell and hyphal tip cell, thereby trapping one nucleus within the clamp cell. Another septum is laid within the hypha, separating a nucleus of the other type in the newly generated subapical hyphal cell from the two different nuclei kept together in the new apical hyphal cell. Through fusion of clamp and subapical cell, the two solitary nuclei become united within the subapical hyphal compartment. In 1933, Buller described subapical formation of a peg to which the clamp cell fuses as an additional, subsequently neglected step in this series of events. In this study, we represent evidence for subapical peg formation and its role in clamp cell fusion. Our observations potentially indicate a B mating type regulated extracellular communication between clamp and subapical hyphal cell.

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Mating Types and Pheromone Recognition in the Homobasidiomycete Schizophyllum commune

Kothe

1999

Fungal Genetics and Biology

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The Relationship between B-Mating-Type Genes and Nuclear Migration inSchizophyllum commune

Cited by 46 publications

References 115 publications

Life History and Developmental Processes in the BasidiomyceteCoprinus cinereus

Life History and Developmental Processes in the BasidiomyceteCoprinus cinereus

Role of peg formation in clamp cell fusion of homobasidiomycete fungi

Mating Types and Pheromone Recognition in the Homobasidiomycete Schizophyllum commune

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