The Relationship between Brown Adipose Tissue Activity and Neoplastic Status: an 18F-FDG PET/CT Study in the Tropics

Huang, Yung Cheng; Chen, Tai Been; Hsu, Chien Chin; Li, Shau Hsuan; Wang, Pei Wen; Lee, Bi Fang; Kuo, Ching Yuan; Chiu, Nan Tsing

doi:10.1186/1476-511x-10-238

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Human brown fat is composed of adipocytes similar to both classical interscapular brown adipocytes (Cypess et al, 2013;Jespersen et al, 2013;Lidell et al, 2013) and mouse white adipocytes converted into brown (Sharp et al, 2012;Wu et al, 2012). Moreover, a recent imaging study showed increased metabolic activity of BAT in PET-CTs of cancer patients (Huang et al, 2011). We have shown a switch from white to brown adipocytes in WAT of mice with CAC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

A Switch from White to Brown Fat Increases Energy Expenditure in Cancer-Associated Cachexia

et al. 2014

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Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is a wasting syndrome characterized by systemic inflammation, body weight loss, atrophy of white adipose tissue (WAT) and skeletal muscle. Limited therapeutic options are available and the underlying mechanisms are poorly defined. Here we show that a phenotypic switch from WAT to brown fat, a phenomenon termed WAT browning, takes place in the initial stages of CAC, before skeletal muscle atrophy. WAT browning is associated with increased expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which uncouples mitochondrial respiration toward thermogenesis instead of ATP synthesis, leading to increased lipid mobilization and energy expenditure in cachectic mice. Chronic inflammation and the cytokine interleukin-6 increase UCP1 expression in WAT, and treatments that reduce inflammation or β-adrenergic blockade reduce WAT browning and ameliorate the severity of cachexia. Importantly, UCP1 staining is observed in WAT from CAC patients. Thus, inhibition of WAT browning represents a promising approach to ameliorate cachexia in cancer patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

A Switch from White to Brown Fat Increases Energy Expenditure in Cancer-Associated Cachexia

et al. 2014

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“…However, in patients living in tropical areas where the consistently warm outdoor temperature and the limited day length variation reduce the effect of cold environment and length of day on BAT, neoplastic status, more than temperature and day length, is a critical determinant of BAT activity [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Mass, and Glucose-Uptake Activity of 18F-FDG-Detected Brown Adipose Tissue in Humans Living in a Temperate Zone of Italy

Persichetti

Sciuto²,

Rea³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundThe 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG)-detected brown adipose tissue (BAT), is enhanced by cold stimulus and modulated by other factors that still have to be disentangled. We investigated the prevalence, mass, and glucose-uptake activity of 18F-FDG-detected BAT in a population of adults living in the temperate climatic zone of the Rome area.Methods and FindingsWe retrospectively analyzed 6454 patients who underwent 18F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) examinations. We found 18F-FDG BAT in 217 of the 6454 patients (3.36%). Some of them underwent more than one scan and the positive scans were 278 among 8004 (3.47%). The prevalence of patients with at least one positive scan was lower in men (1.77%; 56 of 3161) compared with women (4.88%; 161 of 3293). The BAT positive patients were most frequently younger, thinner and with lower plasma glucose levels compared with BAT negative patients. The amount of BAT in the defined region of interest, the activity of BAT and the number of positive sites of active BAT were similar in both sexes. The prevalence of patients with 18F-FDG positive PET/CT was highest in December-February, lower in March-May and September-November, and lowest in June-August and was positively correlated with night length and negatively correlated with ambient temperature. Changes in day length and variations of temperature, associated with the prevalence of positive BAT patients. Among the patients who had multiple scans, outdoor temperature was significantly lower and day length was shorter on the occasion when BAT was detected.ConclusionsThis study identifies day length, outdoor temperature, age, sex, BMI, and plasma glucose levels as major determinants of the prevalence, mass, and activity of 18F-FDG-detected BAT.

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“…74 In another study, BAT activity was measured via 18 F-fluorodeoxylucose positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) in human patients with cancer and was found to correlate positively with cancer stage. 78 However, classical BAT is relatively limited in mass, localized to relatively small depots within the body, therefore severely limiting its capacity to offer substantial contributions to energy expenditure and CAC in humans. 79,80 More studies are needed to provide a quantitative assessment of classical BAT's contributions to CAC.…”

Section: Brown and Beige Adipose Tissue Expansion And Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of adipose tissue in cancer-associated cachexia

Vaitkus

Celi

2016

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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Adipose tissue (fat) is a heterogeneous organ, both in function and histology, distributed throughout the body. White adipose tissue, responsible for energy storage and more recently found to have endocrine and inflammation-modulatory activities, was historically thought to be the only type of fat present in adult humans. The recent demonstration of functional brown adipose tissue in adults, which is highly metabolic, shifted this paradigm. Additionally, recent studies demonstrate the ability of white adipose tissue to be induced toward the brown adipose phenotype – “beige” or “brite” adipose tissue – in a process referred to as “browning.” While these adipose tissue depots are under investigation in the context of obesity, new evidence suggests a maladaptive role in other metabolic disturbances including cancer-associated cachexia, which is the topic of this review. This syndrome is multifactorial in nature and is an independent factor associated with poor prognosis. Here, we review the contributions of all three adipose depots – white, brown, and beige – to the development and progression of cancer-associated cachexia. Specifically, we focus on the local and systemic processes involving these adipose tissues that lead to increased energy expenditure and sustained negative energy balance. We highlight key findings from both animal and human studies and discuss areas within the field that need further exploration. Impact statement Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is a complex, multifactorial syndrome that negatively impacts patient quality of live and prognosis. This work reviews a component of CAC that lacks prior discussion: adipose tissue contributions. Uniquely, it discusses all three types of adipose tissue, white, beige, and brown, their interactions, and their contributions to the development and progression of CAC. Summarizing key bench and clinical studies, it provides information that will be useful to both basic and clinical researchers in designing experiments, studies, and clinical trials.

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The Relationship between Brown Adipose Tissue Activity and Neoplastic Status: an 18F-FDG PET/CT Study in the Tropics

Cited by 32 publications

References 28 publications

A Switch from White to Brown Fat Increases Energy Expenditure in Cancer-Associated Cachexia

A Switch from White to Brown Fat Increases Energy Expenditure in Cancer-Associated Cachexia

Prevalence, Mass, and Glucose-Uptake Activity of 18F-FDG-Detected Brown Adipose Tissue in Humans Living in a Temperate Zone of Italy

The role of adipose tissue in cancer-associated cachexia

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