The Relationship Between Core Muscle Endurance, Dynamic Balance, and Some Physiological Factors in Young Football Players with Genu Varum

Abstract

Background: Genu varum, a common knee alignment issue, may negatively affect physical performance in athletes, particularly in sports requiring balance, agility, and strength, such as football. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the impact of genu varum on dynamic balance, core muscle endurance, and various athletic performance metrics in male football players. Methods: This descriptive and correlational study included 42 young football players, 21 with genu varum and 21 without. All participants trained at least three times per week and were screened for genu varum using a caliper. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, the participants completed tests to assess dynamic balance, core muscle endurance, lower body strength, agility, and speed. Key performance evaluations included the Sargent Jump test, a 9x4 meter agility test, and a 36-meter sprint. Independent t-tests were conducted to compare the two groups. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 22, with a significance level set at 0.05. Results: Significant differences were found between the two groups. Players with genu varum showed reduced dynamic balance in all directions (anterior: P = 0.001, posterior-medial: P = 0.002, posterior-lateral: P = 0.004), lower body strength (P = 0.001), agility (P = 0.02), abdominal muscle endurance (P = 0.004), and sprint speed (P = 0.003) compared to players without genu varum. Conclusions: The findings indicate that genu varum adversely affects essential athletic performance components, including balance, strength, agility, and speed, in young football players. These deficits may increase the risk of injury and impede long-term athletic development.