The relationship between essential tremor and Parkinson's disease

Thenganatt, Mary Ann; Jankovic, Joseph

doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.09.032

Cited by 115 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, the relationship between ET and PD remains controversial. Several previous studies have shown the increased risk of PD in ET [28][29][30]. Further large and longitudinal studies examining this relationship are warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Heart rate variability to differentiate essential tremor from early-stage tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease

Yoon

Kim

Lee

et al. 2016

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Heart rate variability to differentiate essential tremor from early-stage tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease

Yoon

Kim

Lee

et al. 2016

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

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“…Essential tremor (ET) is one of the conditions most easily confused with PD, especially in their early stages where clinical signs are subtle [3]. Although various types of tremors are the major clinical overlaps between these two disease entities, a number of ET patients also present with bradykinesia and gait disturbance mimicking the symptoms of PD [4, 5]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objective assessment of bradykinesia in Parkinson’s disease using evolutionary algorithms: clinical validation

Gao

Smith

Lones

et al. 2018

Transl Neurodegener

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BackgroundThere is an urgent need for developing objective, effective and convenient measurements to help clinicians accurately identify bradykinesia. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of an objective approach assessing bradykinesia in finger tapping (FT) that uses evolutionary algorithms (EAs) and explore whether it can be used to identify early stage Parkinson’s disease (PD).MethodsOne hundred and seven PD, 41 essential tremor (ET) patients and 49 normal controls (NC) were recruited. Participants performed a standard FT task with two electromagnetic tracking sensors attached to the thumb and index finger. Readings from the sensors were transmitted to a tablet computer and subsequently analyzed by using EAs. The output from the device (referred to as "PD-Monitor") scaled from − 1 to + 1 (where higher scores indicate greater severity of bradykinesia). Meanwhile, the bradykinesia was rated clinically using the Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) FT item.ResultsWith an increasing MDS-UPDRS FT score, the PD-Monitor score from the same hand side increased correspondingly. PD-Monitor score correlated well with MDS-UPDRS FT score (right side: r = 0.819, P = 0.000; left side: r = 0.783, P = 0.000). Moreover, PD-Monitor scores in 97 PD patients with MDS-UPDRS FT bradykinesia and each PD subgroup (FT bradykinesia scored from 1 to 3) were all higher than that in NC. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves revealed that PD-Monitor FT scores could detect different severity of bradykinesia with high accuracy (≥89.7%) in the right dominant hand. Furthermore, PD-Monitor scores could discriminate early stage PD from NC, with area under the ROC curve greater than or equal to 0.899. Additionally, ET without bradykinesia could be differentiated from PD by PD-Monitor scores. A positive correlation of PD-Monitor scores with modified Hoehn and Yahr stage was found in the left hand sides.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that a simple to use device employing classifiers derived from EAs could not only be used to accurately measure different severity of bradykinesia in PD, but also had the potential to differentiate early stage PD from normality.

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“…Statins may reduce oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation. Their links with PD, along with the links between PD and ET, provided a rationale to study their use in ET in these analyses [11,27]. In our primary analyses, we did not find evidence of an association between ET and statin use; however, in an analysis that assessed longer term use, there was an inverse association.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Essential tremor (ET) is a tremor disorder that shares a number of clinical and etiological features with PD [8-11]. Furthermore, in some postmortem studies, ET cases have a preponderance of Lewy bodies compared to age-matched controls [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statin Use and Its Association with Essential Tremor and Parkinson's Disease

Shalaby

Louis

2016

Neuroepidemiology

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Background: Statins have potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating effects, and may have neuroprotective properties in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). There are no studies about the use of statins in the related tremor disorder, essential tremor (ET). We determined whether statin use differed in ET cases vs. controls and PD cases vs. controls. Methods: One hundred and thirty nine ET cases, 108 PD cases, and 124 controls participated in a research study of the epidemiology of movement disorders. They were frequency matched based on age and gender. Statin use was assessed by self-report. Results: In adjusted logistic regression analyses, statin use (current or ever) was inversely associated with PD (ORs 0.56-0.63), with marginal values (p values = 0.07-0.187). In similar adjusted models, ET was not associated with statin use (p values = 0.45-0.50). However, ET was inversely associated with longer-term statin use (adjusted OR 0.27, p values = 0.04-0.048). Conclusions: We observed a marginally significant inverse association between PD and statin use. Although in primary analyses we found no evidence that statin use was protective in ET, there was an inverse association in analyses that assessed longer term use of statins. Further observational studies are warranted.

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The relationship between essential tremor and Parkinson's disease

Cited by 115 publications

References 27 publications

Heart rate variability to differentiate essential tremor from early-stage tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease

Heart rate variability to differentiate essential tremor from early-stage tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease

Objective assessment of bradykinesia in Parkinson’s disease using evolutionary algorithms: clinical validation

Statin Use and Its Association with Essential Tremor and Parkinson's Disease

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