The relationship between exposure to fragrance materials and persistent light reaction in the photosensitivity dermatitis with actinic reticuloid syndrome

Addo, H.A.; Ferguson, J.; Johnson, B.; Frain‐Bell, W.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb00356.x

Cited by 108 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In patients with persistent light reactions in chronic actinic dermatitis, a greater incidence of contact sensitivity reactions to certain fragrance materials than in patients with polymorphic light eruption and in patients with non-light contact dermatitis was found (177). Immediate and delayed photopatch test reactions were also observed, notably to oak moss, musk ambrette, eugenol, cinnamic aldehyde, 6-methylcoumarin, costus root oil and hydroxycitronellal.…”

Section: Photocontact Dermatitismentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The photoallergenic and phototoxic properties of coumarin derivatives, notably 6-methylcoumarin, are well-known (177)(178)(179)(180)(181). Coumarin itself, which is widely present in fragrances (Table 2), does not appear to induce clinical photosensitization.…”

Section: Photocontact Dermatitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immediate and delayed photopatch test reactions were also observed, notably to oak moss, musk ambrette, eugenol, cinnamic aldehyde, 6-methylcoumarin, costus root oil and hydroxycitronellal. These reactions were (tentatively) interpreted as phototoxic rather than photoallergic (177). The authors suggested that in some subjects with persistent light reaction a significant factor is likely to be exposure to substances such as fragrance materials which have the ability to produce dermatitis, not only from contact allergic sensitivity but also through photocontact reactions involving either phototoxic or photoallergic mechanisms (177).…”

Section: Photocontact Dermatitismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adverse reactions to fragrances

Groot¹,

1997

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Con/act Dermatilis. /997. 36, This article reviews side-effects of fragrance materials present in cosmetics with emphasis on clinical aspects: epidemiology, types of adverse reactions, clinical picture, diagnostic procedures, and the sensitizers. Considering the ubiquitous occurrence of fragrance materials, the risk of sideeffects is small. In absolute numbers, however, fragrance allergy is common, affecting approximately 1% of the general population. Although a detailed profile of patients sensitized to fragrances needs to be elucidated, common features of contact allergy are: axillary dermatitis, dermatitis of the face (including the eyelids) and neck, well-circumscribed patches in areas of "dabbing-on" perfumes (wrists, behind the ears) and (aggravation of) hand eczema. Depending on the degree of sensitivity, the severity of dermatitis may range from mild to severe with dissemination and even erythroderma. Airborne or "connubial" contact dermatitis should always be suspected. Other less frequent adverse reactions to fragrances are photocontact dermatitis, immediate contact reactions and pigmentary changes. The fragrance mix, although very useful for the detection of sensitive patients, both causes false-positive and false-negative reactions, and detects only 70% of perfumeallergic patients. Therefore, future research should be directed at increasing the sensitivity and the specificity of the mix. Relevance is said to be established in 50-65% of positive reactions, but accurate criteria are needed. Suggestions are made for large-scale investigation of several fragrances on the basis of literature data and frequency of use in cosmetics. The literature on adverse reactions to balsam of Peru (an indicator for fragrance sensitivity), essential oils (which currently appear to be used more in aromatherapy than in perfumery) and on fragrances used as flavours and spices in foods and beverages is not discussed in detail, but pertinent side-effects data are tabulated and relevant literature is provided. Key words: perfume; fragrance; adverse reactions; fragrance mix; balsam of Peru; essential oils; allergic contact dermatitis; photosensitivity; immediate contact reactions; pigmented cosmetic dermatitis; occupational contact dermatitis. © Munksgaard, 1997. Accepted for publication 15 October 1996This article reviews side-effects of fragrance materials present in cosmetic products with emphasis on clinical aspects: epidemiology, types of adverse reactions, clinical picture, diagnostic procedures, and the sensitizers. Adverse reactions to balsam of Peru, a marker for fragrance sensitivity (!), which detects approximately 50% of patients allergic to fragrance materials (2), and to fragrances from non-cosmetic sources (e.g., flavours in food) are not discussed in detail. Essential oils seem to be more often used nowadays for medicinal (notably aromatherapy (3)) than for cosmetic purposes. Only the adverse reactions from their presence in cosmetic fragrances are included. However, because of their close relationship to fragr...

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Section: Photocontact Dermatitismentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Photocontact Dermatitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Photocontact Dermatitismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adverse reactions to fragrances

Groot¹,

1997

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“…Cinnamyl alcohol (7) was assumed to be produced by the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde (8) from Cinnamomum cassia, and was reported to have UV-blocking effect (Addo et al, 1982).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioconversion Constituents of Galgeun-tang Fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum

Min¹,

Kim²,

Jeong³

et al. 2011

Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science

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: Galgeun-tang (GGT) is a traditional medicinal formula that is widely prescribed to treat cold, asthma, and hives in Korea. Fermented herbal medicines can be made more effective than normal herbal medicines by increasing the absorption and bioavailability of the active compounds. In this study, we fermented Galgeun-tang to produce bioconversion constituents using Lactobacillus plantarum (GGT144), and found that four peaks were decreased, three peaks were increased and two new peaks appeared in the HPLC-DAD chromatogram. After HPLC-DAD-guided fractionation of the newly-appearing compounds (1 and 5) and the increased (6, 7, and 9) compounds, the structure of the compounds was determined using NMR and MS. Using this approach the compounds were identified to be pyrogallol (1), daidzein (5), liquiritigenin (6), cinnamyl alcohol (7), and formononetin (9), respectively. In addition, the decreased compounds were identified to be daidzin (2), liquiritin (3), ononin (4), and cinnam aldehyde (8) using HPLC-DAD analysis with standard compounds. The high performance liquid chromatography method was used to quantify the nine constituents in GGT and GGT144. All calibration curves of the standard compounds displayed excellent linearity with a R 2 > 0.9968.

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“…In a study aimed more at investigating possible causes of photosensitivity dermatitis with actinic reticuloid syndrome, 3 subjects out of 457 reacted to 2% geraniol [82] . In all, 47 patients experienced a total of 72 reactions.…”

Section: (I) Tests Producing Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There Evidence that Geraniol Causes Allergic Contact Dermatitis?

Hostýnek¹,

Maibach²

2004

Exog Dermatol

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The fragrance material geraniol has been cited as a frequent cause of allergic contact dermatitis. A review of the literature shows that when the underlying clinical and experimental data are analyzed, a clear cause-effect relationship has infrequently or rarely been established. On the basis of the generally weak sensitizing potential of this substance coupled with its generally low exposure conditions, the prevalence of clinical cases would not be expected to be particularly high. This is not to say that geraniol is a frequent inducer of type IV allergy in members of the public. It remains to be seen, however, how often such allergy, once established, is responsible for any of the cases of allergic contact dermatitis commonly ascribed in the literature. Indeed, in some cases, patch-test conditions may not be optimal for differentiating between clinically relevant and irrelevant allergy to geraniol. Because of the numerous publications on geraniol-positive patch-test publications, a future effort to ascertain how many of these represent clinical intolerance is indicated. This will also permit determination of the NOEL (no observed effect level) in patch and use testing.

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The relationship between exposure to fragrance materials and persistent light reaction in the photosensitivity dermatitis with actinic reticuloid syndrome

Cited by 108 publications

References 23 publications

Adverse reactions to fragrances

Adverse reactions to fragrances

Bioconversion Constituents of Galgeun-tang Fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum

Is There Evidence that Geraniol Causes Allergic Contact Dermatitis?

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