The relationship between fat distribution in central region and comorbidities in obese people: Based on NHANES 2011–2018

Abstract

BackgroundCentral obesity is closely related to comorbidity, while the relationship between fat accumulation pattern and abnormal distribution in different parts of the central region of obese people and comorbidity is not clear. This study aimed to explore the relationship between fat distribution in central region and comorbidity among obese participants.MethodsWe used observational data of NHANES 2011–2018 to identify 12 obesity-related comorbidities in 7 categories based on questionnaire responses from participants. Fat distribution is expressed by fat ratio, including Android, Gynoid, visceral, subcutaneous, visceral/subcutaneous (V/S), and total abdominal fat ratio. Logistic regression analysis were utilized to elucidate the association between fat distribution and comorbidity.ResultsThe comorbidity rate was about 54.1% among 4899 obese participants (weighted 60,180,984, 41.35 ± 11.16 years, 57.5% female). There were differences in fat distribution across the sexes and ages. Among men, Android fat ratio (OR, 4.21, 95% CI, 1.54–11.50, Ptrend=0.007), visceral fat ratio (OR, 2.16, 95% CI, 1.42–3.29, Ptrend<0.001) and V/S (OR, 2.07, 95% CI, 1.43–2.99, Ptrend<0.001) were independent risk factors for comorbidity. Among these, there was a “J” shape correlation between Android fat ratio and comorbidity risk, while visceral fat ratio and V/S exhibited linear relationships with comorbidity risk. The Gynoid fat ratio (OR, 0.87, 95%CI, 0.80–0.95, Ptrend=0.001) and subcutaneous fat ratio (OR, 0.81, 95%CI, 0.67–0.98, Ptrend=0.016) both performed a protective role in the risk of comorbidity. In women, Android fat ratio (OR, 4.65, 95% CI, 2.11–10.24, Ptrend=0.020), visceral fat ratio (OR, 1.83, 95% CI, 1.31–2.56, Ptrend=0.001), and V/S (OR, 1.80, 95% CI, 1.32–2.45, Ptrend=0.020) were also independent risk factors for comorbidity, with a dose-response relationship similar to that of men. Only the Gynoid fat ratio (OR, 0.93, 95% CI, 0.87–0.99, Ptrend=0.016) had a protective effect on female comorbidity. This association was also seen in obese participants of different age groups, comorbidity numbers, and comorbidity types, although it was more statistically significant in older, complex comorbidity, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and metabolic diseases.ConclusionsIn the obese population, there were strong correlation between fat distribution in central region and comorbidity, which was affected by sex, age, number of comorbidities, and type of comorbidity.

The association between the visceral to subcutaneous abdominal fat ratio and the risk of cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review

“…Amongst the included studies, six articles examined the association between VAT-to-SAT ratio and blood pressure (BP) [ 15 , 23 , 31 – 34 ], 9 studies examined atherosclerosis indices [ 24 , 35 – 42 ], 10 studies examined CVDs events [ 26 , 43 – 51 ] and remaining two studies assessed CVDs risk scores [ 25 , 52 ]. Among the reviewed studies, eleven were conducted in Japan [ 26 , 31 , 33 , 36 , 38 , 39 , 41 , 43 , 47 , 48 , 51 ], six in USA [ 15 , 40 , 42 , 44 , 49 , 52 ], three in Brazil [ 25 , 35 , 45 ], three in China [ 24 , 34 , 50 ], two in South Korea [ 23 , 32 ], one in Netherlands [ 37 ], and one in Portugal [ 46 ]. The characteristics and quality scores of the included studies are shown in Table 1 .…”

Temporal relationship between inflammation and metabolic disorders and their impact on cancer risk

“…These two factors reinforce each other through a vicious cycle, causing excessive nutrient synthesis, cellular growth, homeostatic breakdown, and disease development. Our previous research also systematically showed a close relationship between adipose accumulation, inflammation, and comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases in individuals with obesity [ 28 ]. Similarly, Dugani et al [ 29 ] found a significant correlation between lipid, inflammatory, and metabolic biomarkers and the risk of cardiovascular disease.…”

Association of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D status with cardiometabolic risk factors and total and regional obesity in southern Iran: Evidence from the PoCOsteo study

“…Similar to several previous studies, our ndings showed that lower serum levels of vitamin D were not associated with hip circumference or gynoid fat (69, 72, 73). It has been claimed that the risk of CVD is inversely associated with increased gynoid fat, despite android fat mass (74,75). This nding has been linked to gynoid adipocyte-enhanced lipoprotein lipase activity and more e cient free fatty acid accumulation compared to visceral adipocytes (76).…”