The Relationship between Growth Spurts and Myopia in Singapore Children

Yip, Vivien Cherng-Hui; Pan, Chen-Wei; Lin, Xiaokun; Lee, Yung Seng; Gazzard, Gus; Wong, Tien‐Yin; Saw, Seang‐Mei

doi:10.1167/iovs.12-10402

Cited by 81 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…19,20 An increase in overall body growth could be associated with ocular growth. Yip et al 21 found that variations in the onset and peak progression of myopia may be associated with height spurts, but we did not measure height at all study visits and are unable to assess this association in our sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Astigmatism and Myopia in Tohono O’odham Native American Children

Twelker

Miller²,

Sherrill

et al. 2013

Optometry and Vision Science

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Purpose To describe change in spherical equivalent (M) in a longitudinal sample of Tohono O'odham students ages 3 to 18 years and to test the hypothesis that astigmatism creates complex cues to emmetropization, resulting in increased change in M in the direction of increasing myopia and increased occurrence of myopia. Methods Subjects were 777 Tohono O'odham Native American children on whom cycloplegic right eye autorefraction was measured on at least two study encounters between ages 3 and 18 years (first encounter prior to age 5.5 years, final encounter ≥ 3 years later). Regression lines were fit to individual subjects’ longitudinal M data to estimate rate of change in M (regression slope, D/year). Regression was also used to predict if a subject would be myopic (≤−0.75D M) by age 18 years. ANCOVA was used to assess the relation between M slope and magnitude of baseline M and astigmatism. Chi-square analyses were used to assess the relation between predicted myopia onset and magnitude of baseline M and astigmatism. Results Mean M slope was significantly more negative for hyperopes (M ≥ +2.00) than for myopes (M ≤ −0.75) or for subjects neither hyperopic nor myopic (NHM, M > −0.75 and < +2.00), but there was no significant difference between the myopic and NHM groups. Chi-square analysis indicated that final myopia status varied across level of baseline astigmatism. Subjects with high astigmatism were more likely to be predicted to have significant myopia by age 18 years. Conclusions The association between greater shift in M towards myopia with age in subjects who were hyperopic at baseline is consistent with continued emmetropization in the school years. Results regarding predicted myopia development imply that degradation of image quality due to refractive astigmatism creates complex cues to emmetropization, resulting in increased occurrence of myopia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Astigmatism and Myopia in Tohono O’odham Native American Children

Twelker

Miller²,

Sherrill

et al. 2013

Optometry and Vision Science

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“…Recent longitudinal studies in children and adolescents have reported concomitant pubertal growth spurting and axial length elongation, with variation between girls and boys in the time of onset and magnitude of change. 28,29 These observations suggest that the pubertal growth spurt and growth hormone surge may modulate myopia progression. 28 The earlier termination of puberty in women may explain which myopia, which is strongly related to having a thin choroid, 4-6 is more prevalent in women than in men in some population-based studies, [30][31][32] though not in all.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…28,29 These observations suggest that the pubertal growth spurt and growth hormone surge may modulate myopia progression. 28 The earlier termination of puberty in women may explain which myopia, which is strongly related to having a thin choroid, 4-6 is more prevalent in women than in men in some population-based studies, [30][31][32] though not in all. 33,34 Myopia has indeed been reported to progress faster in young girls 35 and to be associated with early menarche in Indian women 36 and with body height in Singaporean girls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Pubertal growth acceleration occurs roughly 2-years earlier in girls than in boys, peaking for girls around the age of 11 to 12 years of age. 27,28 Studies of older children, where both sexes have entered or completed puberty, are necessary to find out if choroidal thickness is also related to puberty in boys. The later onset but longer duration and larger growth amplitude of puberty in boys 26 may explain why men have thicker subfoveal choroids than women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness in 1323 Children Aged 11 to 12 Years and Association With Puberty: The Copenhagen Child Cohort 2000 Eye Study

Jeppesen

Larsen

et al. 2014

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…Higher IOP was associated with the nonocular parameters of female sex, higher body mass index, younger age, maternal myopia and with the ocular parameters of longer axial and smaller corneal horizontal diameter [27]. Variations in the onset and peak progression of myopia may be associated with height spurts [28]. We have not found a significant Table 4.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Evaluation of ophthalmic manifestations according to insulin resistance, lipid and pubertal status in obese and healthy children

Kurtul¹,

Kabataş²,

Özer³

et al. 2017

Eye Care Vis

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Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the ophthalmic manifestations in terms of insulin resistance (IR), lipid and pubertal status in obese and healthy children.Methods: Subjects (aged from 5 to17 years) were divided into 2 groups according to their body mass index (BMI) percentiles as obese and non-obese and 4 subgroups according to absence or presence of insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia and pubertal status. Sixty obese children (BMI >95th percentile), 58 healthy control subjects with the same age range (BMI <85th percentile) were admitted to this prospective study. Demographic features and laboratory measurements of subjects were recorded. Ophthalmological examination, including ocular surface parameters, intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness (CCT), and biometric measurements were assed among subgroups. Results:The subjects in obese group were significantly more hypertensive than control group [13 patients (21.7%), and 1 patient (1.7%) respectively, (p=0.001)]. Incidence of hyperinsulinism and the homeostasis model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR) levels and of obese children were significantly higher than control group (p=0.003, and p=0.034, respectively). The rate of hypertensive retinopathy was significantly higher in obesity (+) hyperlipidemia (+) subgroup (p=0.002). The mean CCT values were significantly lower in obesity (+) IR (+) subgroup (p=0.023). Schirmer test scores were significantly lower in obesity (-) subgroups regardless of IR, lipid and pubertal status. Conclusions:Our findings suggest that decreased CCT levels may be related to presence of IR in obese children. The coexistence of hypertensive retinopathy with hyperlipidemia may occur in childhood obesity.

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The Relationship between Growth Spurts and Myopia in Singapore Children

Cited by 81 publications

References 23 publications

Astigmatism and Myopia in Tohono O’odham Native American Children

Astigmatism and Myopia in Tohono O’odham Native American Children

Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness in 1323 Children Aged 11 to 12 Years and Association With Puberty: The Copenhagen Child Cohort 2000 Eye Study

Evaluation of ophthalmic manifestations according to insulin resistance, lipid and pubertal status in obese and healthy children

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