The Relationship between Habitual Coffee Drinking and the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Taiwanese Adults: Evidence from the Taiwan Biobank Database

Abstract

Previous studies revealed inconsistent results between coffee drinking and metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between habitual coffee drinking and the prevalence of MetS among men and women. We conducted a nationwide, cross-sectional study using 23,073 adults obtained from the Taiwan Biobank database (mean ± SD (range) age, 54.57 ± 0.07 (30–79) years; 8341 men and 14,731 (63.8%) women). Adults who drank more than one cup of coffee per day (n = 5118) and those who drank less than one cup per day (n = 4515) were compared with nondrinkers (n = 13,439). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the risk of MetS between the two groups. Separate models were also estimated for sex-stratified and habitual coffee-type-stratified (black coffee (BC), coffee with creamer (CC), and coffee with milk (CM)) subgroup analyses. The MetS diagnosis was based on at least three of the five metabolic abnormalities. Coffee drinkers (≥1 cup/day) had a significantly lower prevalence of MetS than nondrinkers (AOR (95% CI): 0.80 (0.73–0.87)). Women who drank any amount of coffee and any type of coffee were more likely to have a significantly lower prevalence of MetS than nondrinkers. Only men who drank more than one cup of coffee per day or black coffee drinkers were more likely to have a lower prevalence of MetS. Our study results indicate that adults with habitual coffee drinking behaviors of more than one cup per day were associated with a lower prevalence of MetS. Moreover, women could benefit from habitual coffee drinking of all three coffee types, whereas men could only benefit from drinking BC.

Effect of Supplementation with Coffee and Cocoa By-Products to Ameliorate Metabolic Syndrome Alterations Induced by High-Fat Diet in Female Mice

“…A longer duration of supplementation may also induce larger effects. This is supported by data on randomized clinical trials showing that only long-term coffee consumption improves body mass index, body fat, and other MetS alterations in adult women and men [36,37], adolescents [38], and perimenopausal women [39].…”

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“…Information on habitual coffee intake was collected with 1 item: "How many days of the week do you drink coffee?" Participants were defined as "coffee drinkers" if they drank coffee three or more times per week; otherwise, they were regarded as "non-drinkers" [ 28 ].…”

The gender gap in the relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Restrictive Ventilatory Defect

“…As stipulated by the Human Biobank Management Act, the data of all participants were de-identified with uniquely encrypted identification numbers in the Taiwan Biobank. As a reliable data source, studies using this database have been published in top-tier journals [9, 10]. This study has been reviewed and approved by the Human Research Ethics Review Committee of the MacKay Memorial Hospital (21MMHIS351e).…”