The relationship between maxillary sinus retention cysts and nasal septum

Abstract

on 24.02.2021 with the decision number 2017-KAEK-189_2021.02.24_04. All procedures in this study involving human participants were performed in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. Conflict of InterestNo conflict of interest was declared by the authors.

The CBCT Retrospective Study on Underwood Septa and Their Related Factors in Maxillary Sinuses—A Proposal of Classification

“…The presence of Underwood septa might be one of the diagnosed situations in the maxillary sinuses, followed by SSS, accumulation of mucus, formation of a retention cyst, swelling of the mucosa of the maxillary sinus floor, lack of good oroantral drainage, changes in the OMC (osteomeatal complex), or poor sinus ventilation. Each of these findings might impact any further dental procedures, sinus surgery, or other surgical approaches planned in the maxillary sinuses [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. According to Shahidi et al, the amount of maxillary sinus variations in CBCT are common findings, but only their careful radiological evaluation might influence later good clinical and surgical outcome [ 12 ].…”

“…The Underwood septa (US) can be present in different shapes, sizes, lengths, thicknesses, and locations, while a single septum is the most common one, followed by two septa and rarely more [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Their occurrence was associated with many possible etiological factors but which were still random in shape and size, although a possible correlation with dental roots and the height of maxillary alveolar bone process is also worth noticing [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

“…Each septum or half septa can be located more sagittally, transversally, horizontally, and in mixed forms, or be atypically placed in the maxillary sinus. Each septal fragment in the maxillary sinus can be either completed or partial, connected to either the inferior, medial, or lateral wall of the sinus, or be a combination of all, which is a less common anatomical variation [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. When presented with bony septa dividing each maxillary sinus into anatomical compartments, in some situations, a possible correlation with possible retention cyst formation might be found [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

“…Many studies tried to describe the patterns of each bone septa, but it appears they are randomly placed, and as of yet no adequate studies exist on this matter. Similarly, a systematic review on the US by Malec et al indicates that the US can be found in 9% to 70% of patients (with a mean prevalence of about 36%) which is a very wide range of occurrence, as with their shape, size, and location [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. On the other hand, the presence of retention cysts (or mucous retention cysts, MRCs) in the maxillary sinuses (RCMs) was reported to be associated with the shape, deviation, and position of the nasal septum according to some studies; however, their formation regardless of the presence of US is not yet clear [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”

“…Similarly, a systematic review on the US by Malec et al indicates that the US can be found in 9% to 70% of patients (with a mean prevalence of about 36%) which is a very wide range of occurrence, as with their shape, size, and location [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. On the other hand, the presence of retention cysts (or mucous retention cysts, MRCs) in the maxillary sinuses (RCMs) was reported to be associated with the shape, deviation, and position of the nasal septum according to some studies; however, their formation regardless of the presence of US is not yet clear [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Most cysts, on the other hand, are found accidentally (22–36%) on the diagnostic MRI of head/brain scans [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ].…”