The relationship between Nephrotoxic Metals of cadmium, lead and mercury with Urinary Incontinence in Women

Abstract

Purpose: Nephrotoxic metals of cadmium, lead and mercury are the common hazardous pollutants existing in surroundings. We examined the relationship between cadmium, lead and mercury with urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women.Materials and Methods: The women older than 20 years from the 2007-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHNES) with the ascertained urinary incontinence through self-report were included. This study conducted the restricted cubic spline analysis to analyze characterize a dose-response relationship between a continuous exposure of different nephrotoxic metals and UUI and SUI.Results: A total of 4,406 women were included in this study, with 2,624 (59.6%) were SUI and 3,177 (72.1) were UUI of the weighted population. The results of multivariate analysis indicated that age, race, marital status, body mass index (BMI) and nephrotoxic metals were risk factors for the odds of UUI and SUI. The odds ratio (OR; 95% confidence interval) of urinary incontinence were positively correlated with cadmium and lead in women. The OR of SUI increased with the increasing blood cadmium, possessing the maximum at 4 μg/L (2.18(1.34-3.58) overall). The odds of UUI increased with the blood and urinary lead, which reached the maximum at 7 μg/dL (2.03 (1.38-3.02) overall) and 5 μg/L (2.24 (1.34-3.75) overall) respectively.Conclusions: Nephrotoxic metals of cadmium and lead were associated the odds of urinary incontinence in women. Excessive exposure to these metals will increase the OR of UUI and SUI in adult women.