The Relationship between Plasma High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Activity in Six Species of Healthy Experimental Animals.

Tsutsumi, Kazuhiko; Hagi, Akifumi; Inoue, Yasuo

doi:10.1248/bpb.24.579

Cited by 87 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The hamster strain used in this study is recognised as forming fatty streaks and to be more sensitive to HC diets (Dorfman et al, 2003). It is also a good model because of its association with a higher activity of cholesterol ester transfer protein than other rodents (Tsutsumi et al, 2001). However, in this study, the hamsters showed higher TC concentrations than elsewhere although it was the same hamster strain and approximately the same experimental design (Wilson et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Adverse effects of conjugated alpha-linolenic acids (CLnA) on lipoprotein profile on experimental atherosclerosis in hamsters

Plourde

Ledoux²,

Grégoire³

et al. 2007

Animal

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Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) such as rumenic acid (RA) have the potential to alter blood lipid profiles in animals and in humans. In contrast, physiological effects of conjugated a-linolenic acids (CLnAs), which concomitantly are omega-3 and conjugated fatty acids, are still unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of CLnA to interfere in early steps of atherosclerosis by altering lipoprotein profiles and fatty streaks in the aortas. F 1 B hamsters were fed a control or one of the three hypercholesterolemic (HC) diets: HC-control, HC-RA (18:2 cis-9, trans-11) or HC-CLnA (CLnA: equimolar mixture of 18:3 cis-9, trans-11, cis-15 and cis-9, trans-13, cis-15) diet. In low-cholesterol control-fed hamsters, the proportion of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was around 45% while in HC-fed hamsters, HDL-C was around 10% and cholesterol was mostly (80%) carried by triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL). Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) triglycerides (TGs) increased by approximately 60% in hamsters fed either HC-RA or HC-CLnA compared with HC-controls but not compared with the low-cholesterol control diet. HDL cholesterol decreased by 24% and 16% in hamsters fed HC-RA and HC-CLnA, respectively. Small dense LDLcholesterol increased by approximately 60% in hamsters fed HC-RA and HC-CLnA compared with the HC-control group and by more than a 100% compared with hamsters on the control diet. The relative percentage of liver cholesteryl ester content increased by 88% in hamsters fed HC diets compared with the control diet. Significant differences in fatty streaks were observed between control and HC-diet-fed hamsters. However, no significant difference was observed among the HC-diet-fed hamsters. This study shows that animals fed any one of the HC diets developed an adverse lipoprotein profile compared with a normolipidic diet. Also, HC-RA or HC-CLnA diets altered lipoprotein profile compared with animals fed the HC-control diet but had no beneficial effects on atherosclerosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Adverse effects of conjugated alpha-linolenic acids (CLnA) on lipoprotein profile on experimental atherosclerosis in hamsters

Plourde

Ledoux²,

Grégoire³

et al. 2007

Animal

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“…The rat is not the best model for the study of human plasma lipoprotein and cholesterol metabolism, because of its low cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity and high HDL-cholesterol/ total cholesterol ratio [19]. However, this result shows that myristic acid at physiologically relevant levels, in a diet containing 30% fat as saturated fatty acids, has no effect on plasma total cholesterol concentration in rats, compared to diets very low in myristic acid (LA diet).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Dietary myristic acid at physiologically relevant levels increases the tissue content of C20:5 n-3 and C20:3 n-6 in the rat

et al. 2005

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-This study was designed to investigate the effect of myristic acid on the biosynthesis and metabolism of highly unsaturated fatty acids, when it is supplied in a narrow physiological range in the diet of the rat (0.2-1.2% of total dietary energy). Three experimental diets were designed, containing 22% of total dietary energy as lipids and increasing doses of myristic acid (0.71, 3.00 and 5.57% of total fatty acids). Saturated fat did not exceed 31% of total fat and the C18:3 n-3 amount in each diet was strictly equal (1.6% of total fatty acids). After 7 weeks, the diets had no effect on plasma cholesterol level but greatly modified the liver, plasma and adipose tissue saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles. Firstly, daily intakes of myristic acid resulted in a dose-dependent tissue accumulation of myristic acid itself. Palmitic acid was significantly increased in the tissues of the rats fed the higher dose of myristic acid. A dose-response accumulation of tissue C16:1 n-7 as a function of dietary C14:0 was also shown. Secondly, a main finding was that, among n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, a dose-response accumulation of liver and plasma C20:5 n-3 and C20:3 n-6 (two precursors of eicosanoids) as a function of dietary C14:0 was shown. This result suggests that dietary myristic acid may participate in the regulation of highly unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism.dietary myristic acid / highly unsaturated FA biosynthesis and metabolism / rat

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“…A large proportion of companion dogs in the United States are obese (Freeman et al., 2006), yet dogs are rarely diagnosed with myocardial infarction. This is due at least in part to dogs having blood cholesterol profiles associated with a low risk of cardiovascular disease with elevated high‐density lipoprotein and reduced low‐density lipoprotein profiles (Tsutsumi, Hagi & Inoue, 2001). As a result, dogs do not develop atherosclerosis except in rare cases when a concurrent condition causes a dramatic increase in total cholesterol levels (e.g., diabetes and hypothyroidism) (Hess, Kass & Van Winkle, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The companion dog as a model for human aging and mortality

et al. 2018

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SummaryAround the world, human populations have experienced large increases in average lifespan over the last 150 years, and while individuals are living longer, they are spending more years of life with multiple chronic morbidities. Researchers have used numerous laboratory animal models to understand the biological and environmental factors that influence aging, morbidity, and longevity. However, the most commonly studied animal species, laboratory mice and rats, do not experience environmental conditions similar to those to which humans are exposed, nor do we often diagnose them with many of the naturally occurring pathologies seen in humans. Recently, the companion dog has been proposed as a powerful model to better understand the genetic and environmental determinants of morbidity and mortality in humans. However, it is not known to what extent the age‐related dynamics of morbidity, comorbidity, and mortality are shared between humans and dogs. Here, we present the first large‐scale comparison of human and canine patterns of age‐specific morbidity and mortality. We find that many chronic conditions that commonly occur in human populations (obesity, arthritis, hypothyroidism, and diabetes), and which are associated with comorbidities, are also associated with similarly high levels of comorbidity in companion dogs. We also find significant similarities in the effect of age on disease risk in humans and dogs, with neoplastic, congenital, and metabolic causes of death showing similar age trajectories between the two species. Overall, our study suggests that the companion dog may be an ideal translational model to study the many complex facets of human morbidity and mortality.

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The Relationship between Plasma High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Activity in Six Species of Healthy Experimental Animals.

Cited by 87 publications

References 7 publications

Adverse effects of conjugated alpha-linolenic acids (CLnA) on lipoprotein profile on experimental atherosclerosis in hamsters

Adverse effects of conjugated alpha-linolenic acids (CLnA) on lipoprotein profile on experimental atherosclerosis in hamsters

Dietary myristic acid at physiologically relevant levels increases the tissue content of C20:5 n-3 and C20:3 n-6 in the rat

The companion dog as a model for human aging and mortality

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